Midterm

Question 1

Health Psychology

Answer 1

Looks at the interplay between psychology and physical health
- relationship between mind and body

Question 2

Effects personality has on your health

Answer 2

Negative views of aging: 15 years
Positive views of again: 22 years
(7 year difference)

Question 3

Biopsychosocial model

Answer 3

A new approach to disease outcomes

- takes biological, psychological,social factors into account

Question 4

Trephination

Answer 4

Form of operation hole in skull

- Stone Age: evil spirits

Question 5

Torture

Answer 5

You did something bad, you deserve it

- Middle Age: God’s punishment

Question 6

Renaissance

Answer 6

Organ and cell pathology

- Leeches: blood letters

Question 7

Mid 1700s

Answer 7

Capillary Tension

- First Discovery

Question 8

1800s

Answer 8

Comfort

- Doctors didn’t do much

Question 9

1900s

Answer 9

Biomedical model
- All illness had a biomedical cause
- All illness can be cured with the RIGHT drug
Success: acute illness 
Failure: chronic illness

Question 10

1960s+

Answer 10

Biopsychosocial model

Question 11

Most common causes of death

Answer 11

Cardiovascular disease 
Cancers
Strokes
Unintentional disease
Suicide
- behaviors associated with these include: smoking, alcohol, fat

Question 12

Why do we need biopsychosocial model

Answer 12

• Two people with the same issue may have different disease outcome
• Beliefs about illness matter

Question 13

Stress

Answer 13

A negative emotion experience that are accompanied by cognitive, behavioral changes

Question 14

4 types of stressors

Answer 14

1. Physical: Heat, cold, pain, hunger
2. Psychological: exams money
3. Acute: immediate attention, don’t last long - physical
4. Chronic: do not require immediate action, last long - psychological

Question 15

Six key moments of stress

Answer 15

1. Fight of flight
2. General adaptation syndrome
3. Stressful life events
4. Stress appraisal
5. Threat vs Challenge
6. Tend and befriend

Question 16

Hans Selye

Answer 16

Experienced on rats:
Enlarged adrenal glands
Shrunken lymph nodes
Bleeding ulcers

Question 17

Autonomic Nervous system

Answer 17

• Sympathetic nervous system
  Fight or flight
• Parasympathetic nervous system
  Calm

Question 18

How does stress effect your body

Answer 18

Mobilizes energy
Raises heart rate/blood pressure 
Slows digestion 
Blunts pain
Speeds aging
Suppresses immune system

Question 19

Psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 19

Psycho: beliefs, thoughts, stress
Neuro: central and peripheral
Immune system: defends the body against infectious agents

Question 20

2 types of immunity

Answer 20

Innate: first line of defense 
- Natural killer cells
- Macrophage 
- Antigen presenting cells 
- The phils
Eosinophils , Basophils, Neutrophils 

Specific immunity: takes time acquired

• Helper T cells
• Cytotoxic killer T Cells
• B Cells
• Memory Cells

Question 21

Taste Aversion

Answer 21

You avoid foods that make you sick

- conditioned nausea (Hans Seyle’s rats)

Question 22

Immuno-suppressive drug

Answer 22

Suppresses your immune system

Question 23

Proinflammatory Cytokines

Answer 23

• specific immunity: coordinates the function of other immune cells
• innate immunity: leads to inflammation (fever)

Question 24

Coping

Answer 24

Cognitive, emotional, or emotional support to manage stressors

Question 25

Emotion-focused

Answer 25

To reduce or manage the distress from the stressor

Question 26

Problem focused

Answer 26

Efforts to solve or alter stressors

Question 27

Active coping

Answer 27

Active efforts to do something about stressors

Question 28

Avoidant coping

Answer 28

Denying or avoiding there is a stressor

Question 29

4 types of social support

Answer 29

1. Emotional support 2. Belonging support 3. Tangible support (loan) 4. Informational support (advice)

Question 30

3 aspects of social support

Answer 30

1. Social integration 2. Social network properties (quantity of friends) 3. Function (perceived v. received)

Question 31

Social isolation

Answer 31

Rejection leads to social pain, gets ill often | Consequences: mortality risk, mental health, physical health

Question 32

How does marriage improve health?

Answer 32

Prevents social rejection and isolation | Leads to healthier behaviors

Question 33

Factors that influence illness and adjustments

Answer 33

Having control over situation Having perceived control over your situation Writing about your issues

Question 34

Bereavement

Answer 34

Especially the loss of one's spouse leads to physical illness or maybe death

Question 35

Kubler-Ross stages of grief

Answer 35

1. Disbelief 2. Yearning 3. Anger 4. Depression 5. Acceptance

Question 36

Things that don't help bereaved people

Answer 36

Discouraging them from openly expressing themselves | Encouraging them to get on with things

Question 37

Things that do help bereaved people

Answer 37

Regular contact Just being there Permitting them to talk about their feelings