Final: Male Reproductive systems Chapter 26

Question 1

The _____ in males and the _____ in females produce gametes and secrete sex hormones

Answer 1

The testes in males and the ovaries in females produce gametes and secrete sex hormones

Question 2

_______ produce gametes and sex hormones

Answer 2

Gametes

Question 3

_______receive, store and transport gametes

Answer 3

Ducts

Question 4

____________ secrete fluid that nourish, protect and facilitate movement of gametes

Answer 4

Accessory sex glands

Question 5

_______ assist copulation and fertilization

(in females these are essential for pregnancy)

Answer 5

Supporting structures

Question 6

The male gonads (_____) produce _____ and the sex hormones (____)

Answer 6

The male gonads (testes) produce sperm and the sex hormones (testosterone)

Question 7

What are four ducts of the male reproductive system?

Answer 7

1. Epididymis
2. Ductus (vas) deferens
3. ejaculation duct
4. urethra (spongy, prostatic, and membranous)

Question 8

What are three accessory sex glands of the male reproductive system?

Answer 8

1. Seminal vesicles
2. Prostate gland
3. Bulbourethral gland

Question 9

What are two main supporting structures of the male reproductive system?

1. ________: supports the testes and epididymis
2. ________: delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract

Answer 9

1. Scrotum
2. Penis

Question 10

The scrotum consists of loose skin and an underlying __________ and it hangs from the _______

Answer 10

The scrotum consists of loose skin and an underlying subcutaneous layer and it hangs from the root of the penis

Question 11

On the external surface of the scrotum a median ridge called ______ separates a single pouch of skin into lateral portions

Answer 11

On the external surface of the scrotum a median ridge called the raphe separates a single pouch of skin into lateral portions

Question 12

Internally, the _____ (consisting of a ______ layer and a muscle tissue _____ muscle) divides the scrotum into two sacs.

Answer 12

Internally, the scrotal septum (consisting of a subcutaneous layer and a muscle tissue Dartos muscle) divides the scrotum into two sacs.

Question 13

The _________muscle is a series of small bands of skeletal muscle that descend through the spermatic cord to surround the testis

Answer 13

The Cremaster muscle is a series of small bands of skeletal muscle that descend through the spermatic cord to surround the testis

Question 14

Which muscle is responsible for elevating the testes when exposed to cold or during sexual arousal?

Answer 14

The Cremaster muscle

Question 15

Which three routes supply blood to the scrotum?

Where does blood drain into?

Answer 15

1. Internal peduncle branches of the internal iliac artery
2. Cremasteric branches of the inferior epigastric arteries
3. External pudendal arteries from the femoral arteries

Blood drains into scrotal veins

Question 16

The testes are the male gonads and are partially covered by a serous membrane called _____

Answer 16

tunica vaginalis

Question 17

_________: white fibrous capsule that projects inwards dividing testis into lobules

Answer 17

Tunica Albuginea

Question 18

Each lobule of the testes contains 1-3 ________ - site of spermatogenesis

Answer 18

seminiferous tubules

Question 19

The wall of the seminiferous tubules (tightly coiled tubes of the testes) is lined with ______ cells, ______ cells, and ______ (Leydigs) cells

Answer 19

The wall of the seminiferous tubules (tightly coiled tubes of the testes) is lined with spermatogenic cells, Sertoli cells, and interstitial (Leydigs) cells

Question 20

Which cells of the seminiferous tubules of the testes secrete testosterone?

Answer 20

Interstitial (leydigs) cells

Question 21

Which cells of the seminiferous tubules of the testes have tight junctions that join neighbouring cells to form the blood-testes barrier?

Answer 21

Sertoli cells

Question 22

____ cells:

• support, protect, and nourish the differentiating spermatocytes, spermatids and sperms
• phagocytize excess sperm cytoplasm
• control movements of spermatogenic cells and release of sperm into the seminiferous tubule

Answer 22

Sertoli cells

Question 23

Which type of cell secretes the hormone inhibin that regulates testosterone and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) to decrease spermatogenesis

Answer 23

Sertoli cells

Question 24

Fluids secreted from Sertoli cells propel sperm from _______ → Series of short ducts _______ → Network of coiled _______ in the epididymis → Efferent ducts empty into a single _______

Answer 24

Fluids secreted from Sertoli cells propel sperm from seminiferous tubules → Series of short ducts Rete testis → Network of coiled efferent ducts in the epididymis → Efferent ducts empty into a single ductus epididymis

Question 25

The ductus epididymis is approximately 6m long and continues as the _______ at the tail end of the epididymis.

Answer 25

The ductus epididymis is approximately 6m long and continues as the _ductus (vas) deferens_ at the tail end of the epididymis.

Question 26

The ductus epididymis is lined with ___________ epithelium, encircled by a layer of _____ muscle

Answer 26

The ductus epididymis is lined with _pseudostratified columnar_ epithelium, encircled by a layer of _smooth_ muscle

Question 27

The apical surface of columnar cells in the ductus epididymis contain ______ that increase surface area for the reabsorption of degenerated sperm

Answer 27

The apical surface of columnar cells in the ductus epididymis contain _stereocilia_ that increase surface area for the reabsorption of degenerated sperm

Question 28

Ductus epididymis is the site of ________ and provides storage of \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 28

sperm maturation Mature sperm

Question 29

During ejaculation, the smooth muscle layers of the ductus epididymis generate ________ contractions that propel sperm into \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 29

During ejaculation, the smooth muscle layers of the ductus epididymis generate _peristaltic_ contractions that propel sperm into _ductus (vas) deferens_

Question 30

The ductus (vas) deferens ascends from the tail of the ______ to the ______ tract and passes through the _______ → through the _______ to enter the pelvic cavity → loops over the _____ → descends down the posterior surface of the \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 30

The ductus (vas) deferens ascends from the tail of the _epididymis_ to the _ejaculatory_ tract; passing through the _spermatic cord_ → through the _inguinal canal_ to enter the pelvic cavity → loops over the _ureter_ → descends down the posterior surface of the _urinary bladder_

Question 31

\_\_\_\_\_ is the dilated terminal portion of vas deferens

Answer 31

Ampulla

Question 32

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ during sexual arousal conveys sperm from epididymis toward the urethra

Answer 32

peristaltic contractions

Question 33

Each ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the duct from the ______ and the ______ of the ductus (vas) deferens and terminate in the _______ urethra

Answer 33

Each ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the duct from the _seminal vesicle_ and the _ampulla_ of the ductus (vas) deferens and terminate in the _prostatic_ urethra

Question 34

What is the function of the ejaculatory ducts?

Answer 34

To mix sperm stored in the ampulla of the ductus deferens

Question 35

Just prior to ejaculation, semen is expelled from the ejaculation ducts into the _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\__

Answer 35

Just prior to ejaculation, semen is expelled from the ejaculation ducts into the _prostate urethra_

Question 36

The urethra in males is the shared terminal duct of both the ______ and _____ systems and provides a passageway for both _____ and \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 36

The urethra in males is the shared terminal duct of both the _reproductive_ and _urinary_ systems and provides a passageway for both _semen_ and _urine_.

Question 37

The male urethra passes through the ______ [\_\_\_\_\_ urethra (2-3cm)], the deep muscles of the ______ (\_\_\_\_\_\_ urethra) and the ______ (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (\_\_\_\_\_) urethra)

Answer 37

The male urethra passes through the _prostate_ [_prostatic_ urethra (2-3cm)], the deep muscles of the _perineum_ (_intermediate/membranous_ urethra) and the _penis [penile (spongy)_ urethra (15-20cm)]

Question 38

The spongy urethra ends at the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 38

external urethral orifice

Question 39

The three male accessory sex glands secrete most of the ________ and include: 1. _\_\_\_\_\_\__ 2. _\_\_\_\_\_\__ 3. _\_\_\_\_\_\__

Answer 39

The three male accessory sex glands secrete most of the _liquid portion of semen_ and include: 1. _seminal vesicle_ 2. _Prostate_ 3. _Bulbourethral glands_

Question 40

Located posterior to and at the base of the urinary bladder, and anterior to the rectum are the:

Answer 40

seminal vesicles

Question 41

Approximates 60% of semen volume comes from the \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 41

seminal vesicles

Question 42

The seminal vesicles secrete an alkaline, viscous fluid that contains \_\_\_\_\_, ______ and \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 42

The seminal vesicles secrete an alkaline, viscous fluid that contains _fructose, prostaglandins_ and _clotting proteins_

Question 43

The seminal vesicles secrete an alkaline, viscous fluid that contains fructose, prostaglandins and clotting proteins * Alkaline fluid helps to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ * Fructose is used for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ * Prostaglandins contribute to _______ and stimulate \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ * Clotting proteins help semen _______ after ejaculation (prevent from leaking out of vagina)

Answer 43

* The alkaline fluid helps _neutralize the acidic environment of the male urethra and female reproductive tract_ * Fructose is used for _the production of ATP by sperm_ * Prostaglandins contribute to _sperm motility and viability_ and may also stimulate _muscular contractions within the female reproductive tract_ * Clotting proteins help semen _coagulate_ after ejaculation (Coagulation may help prevent semen from leaking out of the vagina)

Question 44

The _______ glands are paired glands, each about the size of a pea that lie inferior to the prostate on either side of the membranous urethra within the deep muscles of the perineum

Answer 44

The _bulbourethral (cowper's) glands_

Question 45

The ducts of the bulbourethral glands open into the \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 45

spongy urethra

Question 46

During sexual arousal, the bulbourethral glands secrete an _______ substance that protects the passing sperm by ________ and they also secrete _____ that lubricates the lining of the urethra to \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 46

During sexual arousal, the bulbourethral glands secrete an _alkaline_ substance that protects the passing sperm by _neutralizing acids from urine in the urethra_ and they also secrete _mucus_ that lubricates the lining of the urethra to _decrease number of sperm damaged during ejaculation_

Question 47

The _______ is a single, doughnut-shaped gland, about the size of a golf ball that is located inferior to the urinary bladder and surrounds the _______ urethra

Answer 47

The _prostate_ is a single, doughnut-shaped gland, about the size of a golf ball that is located inferior to the urinary bladder and surrounds the _prostatic_ urethra

Question 48

The ______ secretes a milky, slightly acidic (~pH 6.5) fluid (~25% of semen volume)

Answer 48

The _prostate_ secretes a milky, slightly acidic (~pH 6.5) fluid (~25% of semen volume)

Question 49

\_\_\_\_ is a mixture of sperm and secretions from accessory sex glands

Answer 49

Semen

Question 50

_\_\_\_\_\__ secretions give semen a milky appearance

Answer 50

_Prostatic_ secretions give semen a milky appearance

Question 51

Secretions from the _______ and ______ give semen a sticky consistency

Answer 51

Secretions from the _seminal vesicles_ and _Bulbourethral glands_ give semen a sticky consistency

Question 52

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ provides sperm with a transportation medium, nutrients and protection from the hostile acidic environment of the male urethra and female tracts

Answer 52

_seminal fluid_ provides sperm with a transportation medium, nutrients and protection from the hostile acidic environment of the male urethra and female tracts

Question 53

Label the sperm

Answer 53

Question 54

The _____ is the supporting structure that contains the urethra and is composed of three cylindrical masses (each surrounded by a fibrous tissue called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_): * 2x dorsolateral masses called the _\_\_\_\_\_\_\__ * One midventral mass called the _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ t_hat contains the _\_\_\_\_\_\_\__

Answer 54

The _penis_ is the supporting structure that contains the urethra and is composed of three cylindrical masses (each surrounded by a fibrous tissue called _Tunica Albuginea_): * 2x dorsolateral masses called the _Corpora cavernosa_ * One midventral mass called the _corpus spongiosum t_hat contains the _spongy urethra_

Question 55

The corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum of the penis contain _____ tissue composed of numerous blood sinuses (\_\_\_\_\_\_) surrounded by smooth muscle and elastic fibres

Answer 55

The corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum of the penis contain _erectile_ tissue composed of numerous blood sinuses (_vascular spaces_) surrounded by smooth muscle and elastic fibres

Question 56

Erectile tissue in the two corpora cavernosa penis is responsible for ________ while erectile tissue in the corpus spongiosum is responsible for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 56

Erectile tissue in the two corpora cavernosa penis is responsible for _penile erection_ while erectile tissue in the corpus spongiosum is responsible for _keeping the spongy urethra open during ejaculation_

Question 57

The root of penis (proximal portion of penis) contains the ________ and the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 57

The root of penis (proximal portion of penis) contains the _Bulb of penis_ and the _Crus of penis_

Question 58

The weight of the penis is supported by the _\_\_\_\_\_\_\__ and the\_\_\_\_\_\_\_of the penis

Answer 58

The weight of the penis is supported by the _fundiform ligament_ and the _suspensory ligament_ of the penis

Question 59

The distal end of the penis has what four structures: 1. _\_\_\_\_\_ -_ margin of the glans penis 2. _\_\_\_\_\_\_\__ 3. _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ -_ covers the glans 4. _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\__

Answer 59

The distal end of the penis has what four structures: 1. _Corona -_ margin of the glans penis 2. _Glans penis_ 3. _Prepuce (foreskin) -_ covers the glans 4. _External urethral orifice_