Final muscles Flashcards
(183 cards)
1
Q
Lat dorsi origin
A
Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3 or 4 ribs (~inferior angle of scapula)
2
Q
lat dorsi insertion
A
floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
3
Q
lat dorsi innervation
A
thoracodorsal nerve C6 C7 C8
4
Q
lat dorsi action
A
Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus; raises body towards arms during climbing
5
Q
trapezius origin
A
Medial third of superior nuchal line; external occipital protuberance; nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae
6
Q
trapezius insertion
A
lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula
7
Q
trapezius innervation
A
spinal accessory n. (CN XI) (motor fibers) and C3, C4 spinal nerves (pain and proprioceptive fibers
8
Q
trapezius actions
A
Descending: elevates
Ascending: depresses
Middle/all parts together: retracts scapula
Descending and ascending: rotate glenoid cavity superiorly
9
Q
SCM origin
A
Sternal head: anterior surface of manubrium of sternum
Clavicular head: superior surface of medial third of clavicle
10
Q
SCM insertion
A
Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line
11
Q
SCM innervation
A
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI, motor); C2 and C3 nerves (pain and proprioception)
12
Q
SCM action
A
Unilateral contraction: tilts head to same side (i.e. laterally flexes neck) and rotates it so face is turned superiorly toward opposite side Bilateral contraction: (1) extends neck at atlanto-occipital joints, (2) flexes cervical vertebrae so that chin approaches manubrium, (3) extends superior cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior vertebrae so chin is thrust forward with head kept level
With cervical vertebrae fixed, may elevate manubrium and medial ends of clavicles, assisting pump-handle action of deep respiration
13
Q
serratus anterior origin
A
External surfaces of lateral parts of 1st- 8th ribs
14
Q
serratus anterior insertion
A
anterior surface of medial border of scapula
15
Q
serratus anterior innervation
A
Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)
16
Q
serratus anterior action
A
Protracts scapula and holds it against thoracic wall, rotates scapula superiorly
17
Q
rhomboid M origin
A
Spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae
18
Q
rhomboid M insertion
A
Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle
19
Q
rhomboid M innervation
A
dorsal scapular C4 C5
20
Q
rhomboid M action
A
retract scapula and rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly; fix scapula to thoracic wall
21
Q
rhomboid m origin
A
nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae
22
Q
rhomboid m insertion
A
smooth triangular area at end of medial spine
23
Q
rhomboid m innervation
A
dorsal scapular C4 C5
24
Q
rhomboid m action
A
retract scapula and rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly; fix scapula to thoracic wall
25
supraspinatus origin
supraspinous fossa of scapula
26
supraspinatus insertion
superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
27
supraspinatus innervation
suprascapular nerve C4-C5
28
supraspinatus action
initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm and acts with rotator cuff muscles
29
infraspinatus origin
infraspinous fossa of scapula
30
infraspinatus insertion
middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
31
infraspinatus innervation
suprascapular nerve C5-C6
32
infraspinatus action
laterally rotates arm; acts with rotator cuff muscles
33
teres minor origin
middle part of lateral border of scapula
34
teres minor insertion
inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
35
teres minor innervation*
axillary nerve C5-C6
36
teres minor action
laterally rotates arm; acts with rotator cuff muscles
37
teres major origin
posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
38
teres major insertion
medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
39
teres major innervation
lower subscapular C5 C6
40
teres major action
adducts and medially rotates arm
41
pec major origin Clavicular head
anterior surface of medial half of clavicle
42
pec major origin Sternocostal head
anterior surface of sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique m.
43
pec major insertion
lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
44
pec major innervation
lateral and medial pectoral nerves; clavicular head C5 C6, sternocostal head C7 C8 T1
45
pec major action
adducts and medially rotates humerus. Clavicular head flexes humerus; SC head extends it from flexed position
46
pec minor origin
3rd- 5th ribs near their costal cartilages
47
pec minor insertion
medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula
48
pec minor innervation
medial pectoral nerve C8 T1
49
pec minor action
stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
50
serratus anterior origin
external surfaces of lateral parts of 1-8 ribs
51
serratus anterior insertion
anterior surface of medial border of scapula
52
serratus anterior innervation*
long thoracic nerve C5-C7
53
serratus anterior action
protracts scapula and holds it against thoracic wall; rotates scapula superiorly
54
deltoid origin
lateral third of clavicle, acromion (middle) and spine of scapula (posterior)
55
deltoid insertion
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
56
deltoid innervation*
axillary nerve C5-C6
57
deltoid action
anterior: flexes and medially rotates arm
middle: abducts arm
posterior: extends and laterally rotates arm
58
subscapularis origin
subscapular fossa (anterior surface of scapula)
59
subscapularis insertion
lesser tubercle of humerus
60
subscapularis innervation
upper and lower subscapular nerves C5-C7
61
subscapularis action
medially rotates arm; holds head of humerus in GC
62
biceps brachii origin
short: tip of coracoid process
long: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
63
biceps brachii insertion
tuberosity of radius and fasica of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
64
biceps brachii innervation
musculotaneous nerve C5-C7
65
biceps brachii action
supinates forearm and when supine, flexes it; short head resists dislocation of shoulder
66
brachialis origin
distal half of anterior surface of humerus
67
brachialis insertion
coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
68
brachialis innervation
musculotaneous n. C5-C6 and radial nerve C5 *C7
69
brachialis action
relatively weak flexion of forearm; maximal when forearm is mid-pronated position
70
triceps brachii origin
long head: infraglenoid tubercle
lateral: posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove
medial: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
71
triceps brachii insertion
proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm
72
triceps brachii innervation
radial n. C6-C8
73
triceps brachii action
chief extensor of forearm; long head resists dislocation of the humerus - especially important during adduction
74
FDS origin
humero-ulnar: medial epicondyle & coronoid process
| radial: superior half of anterior border
75
FDS insertion
middle phalanges of medial four digits
76
FDS innervation
median n. C7-T1
77
FDS action
flexes middle phalanges at PIP of middle 4 digits; more strongly, flexes proximal phalanges at MCP joints
78
FDP origin
proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane
79
FDP insertion
medial: distal phalanges of 4 and 5
lateral: distal phalanges of 2 and 3
80
FDP innervation
medial: ulnar nerve C8 T1
lateral: anterior interosseous n. from median nerve C8 T1
81
FDP action
medial: flexes distal phalanges of 4 and 5 at DIP
lateral: flexes distal phalanges of 2 and 3 at DIP
82
extensor digitorum origin (hand)
lateral epicondyle of humerus
83
extensor digitorum insertion
extensor expansions of medial 4 digits
84
extensor digitorum innervation
deep branch of radial nerve C7 C8
85
extensor digitorum action
extends medial 4 digits at MCP, secondarily at IP joints
86
gluteus maximus origin
ilium posterior to posterior to gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; sacrotuberous ligament
87
glut max insertion
most in IT band, some on gluteal tuberosity
88
glut max innervation
inferior gluteal nerve L5 S1 S2
89
glut max action
extends thigh from flexed position and laterally rotates; steadies thigh, assists in rising from seated position
90
glut medius origin
external surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
91
glut medius insertion
lateral surface of GT
92
glut med innervation
sup gluteal n. L5 S1
93
glut min origin
posterior surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
94
glut min insertion
lateral surface of GT
95
glut min innervation
sup. gluteal n L5 S1
96
glut med action
abduct and medially rotate thigh; keeps pelvis level when same side limb is weight bearing and advance unsupported side in swing phase
97
glut min action
abduct and medially rotate thigh; keeps pelvis level when same side limb is weight bearing and advances unsupported side in swing
98
biceps femoris origin
long: ischial tuberosity
short: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
99
biceps femoris insertion
lateral side of head of fibula
100
biceps femoris innervation
LH: tibial n. L5 S1 S2
SH: common fibular L5 S1 S2
101
biceps femoris action
flexes leg and laterally rotates it when knee is flexes; extends thigh
102
semitendinosus origin
ischial tuberosity
103
semitend insertion
pes anserine
104
semiten innervation
tibial n. L5 S1 S2
105
semitend action
extends thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed
when thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunk
106
semimembranosus origin
ischial tuberosity
107
semimembranosus insertion
posterior part of medial condyle of tibia; forms oblique popliteal lig
108
semimem innervation
tibial L5 S1 S2
109
semimem action
extends thigh; flexes leg and rotates it medially when knee is flexed
can extend trunk when thigh and leg are flexed
110
adductor magnus origin
add: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium
HS: ischial tuberosity
111
add magnus insertion
Add: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, supracondylar line of femur
HS: adductor tubercle
112
add mangus innervation
Add: obturator L2 L3 L4 posterior branches
HS: tibial L4
113
add magnus action
adducts thigh
add: flexes thigh
HS: extends thigh
114
adductor longus origin
body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
115
adductor longus insertion
middle third of linea aspera of femur
116
adductor longus innervation
obturator n. anterior division L2 L3 L4
117
adductor longus action
adducts thigh
118
gracilis origin
body and inferior ramus of pubis
119
gracilis insertion
superior part of medial surface of tibia
120
gracilis innervation
obturator n. L2 L3
121
gracilis action
adducts thigh; flexes leg; helps rotate leg medially
122
psoas major origin
sides of T12 L5 vertebrae and IVD, transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
123
psoas major insertion
lesser trochanter of femur
124
psoas major innervation
ant rami of lumbar nerve L1-L3
125
psoas major action
act conjointly in flexing thigh at hip and stabilizing it
126
psoas minor origin
sides of T12-L1 and IVD
127
psoas minor insertion
pectineal line, iliopectineal emenince via iliopectineal arch
128
psoas minor innervation
ant rami lumbar L1 L2
129
psoas minor action
act conjointly in flexing thigh at hip and stabilizing it
130
iliacus origin
iliac crest and iliac fossa, ala of sacrum and anterior sacro-iliac ligaments
131
iliacus insertion
tendon of psoas major, LT, and femur distal to it
132
iliacus innervation
femoral n. L2 L3
133
iliacus action
act conjointly in flexing thigh at hip and in stabilizing this joint
134
rectus femoris origin
AIIS and ilium superior to acetabulum
135
rectus femoris insertion
quad tendon and independently to patella; indirectly to patellar ligament
136
rectus femoris innervation
femoral n. L2 L3 L4
137
rectus femoris action
extend leg at knee joint; steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh
138
vastus lateralis origin
GT and lateral lip of linea aspera of femur
139
vastus lateralis insertion
quad tendon, independent patella, indirectly patellar lig to tibial tuberosity, tibia and patella via aponeurosis
140
vastus lateralis innervation
femoral n. L2-L4
141
vastus lateralis action
extend leg at knee joint; steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh
142
vastus medialis origin
intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera
143
vastus medialis insertion
quad tendon...
144
vastus medialis innervation
femoral n. L2-L4
145
vastus medialis action
extends leg at knee joint, helps iliopsoas flex thigh, steadies hip
146
vastus intermedius origin
anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur
147
vastus intermedius insertion
quad tendon...
148
vastus intermedius innervation
femoral L2-L4
149
vastus intermedius action
extends leg at knee joint
150
tibialis anterior origin
lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and IO
151
tibialis anterior insertion
medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
152
tibialis anterior innervation
deep fibular n. L4 L5
153
tibialis anterior action
DF of ankle and inversion of foot
154
peroneus longus origin
head and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
155
peroneus longus insertion
base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
156
peroneus longus innervation
superficial fibular n. L5-S2
157
peroneus longus action
everts foot, weak PF; perception
158
peroneus brevis origin
inferior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula
159
peroneus brevis insertion
dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal
160
peroneus brevis innervation
superficial fibular n. L5-S2
161
peroneus brevis action
weak PF, eversion, perception
162
gastrocnemius origin
lateral: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
medial: popliteal surface of femur; superior to medial condyle
163
gastrocnemius insertion
posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
164
gastroc innervation
tibial n. S1 S2
165
gastroc action
PF ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking; flexes leg at knee joint
166
soleus origin
posterior aspect of head and superior 1/4 of posterior surface of fibula; soleal line and middle 1/3 of medial border of tibia; tendinous arch extending between boney attachments
167
soleus insertion
posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
168
soleus innervation
tibial n. S1 S2
169
soleus action
PF ankle independent of position of knee; steadies leg on foot
170
FHL origin
inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula; inferior part of IO
171
FHL insertion
base of distal phalanx of great toe
172
FHL innervation
tibial n. S2 S3
173
FHL action
flexes great toe at all joints, weak PF, supports medial longitudinal arch
174
FDL origin
medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line; broad tendon to fibula
175
FDL insertion
base of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
176
FDL action
flexes lateral 4 digits; PF; supports longitudinal arches
177
Tibialis posterior origin
IO; posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line; posterior surface of fibula
178
tibialis posterior insertion
tuberosity of navicular, cuneiform, cubdoi, and susentaculum tali of calcaneus; bases of 2-4 metatarsals
179
tib posterior innervation
tibial nerve L4 L5
180
tib posterior action
PF; inversion
181
SCM origin
sternal: anterior surface of manubrium of sternum
clavicular: superior surface of medial third of clavicle
182
SCM insertion
lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line
183
SCM innervation
spinal accessory and C2 C3 pain and proprioception
