Unit 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Trapezius origin
A
Medial third of superior nuchal line; external occipital protuberance; nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae
2
Q
trapezius insertion
A
Lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula
3
Q
trapezius innervation
A
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) (motor fibers) and C3, C4 spinal nerves (pain and proprioceptive fibers
4
Q
trapezius actions
A
Descending: elevates
Ascending: depresses
Middle/all parts together: retracts scapula
Descending and ascending: rotate glenoid cavity superiorly
5
Q
rhomboid major origin
A
Spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae
6
Q
rhomboid major insertion
A
Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle
7
Q
rhomboid major innervation
A
Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)
8
Q
rhomboid major action
A
Retract scapula and rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly; fix scapula to thoracic wall
9
Q
rhomboid minor origin
A
Nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae
10
Q
rhomboid minor insertion
A
Smooth triangular area at medial end of scapular spine
11
Q
rhomboid minor innervation
A
dorsal scapular nerve C4 C5
12
Q
rhomboid minor action
A
Retract scapula and rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly; fix scapula to thoracic wall
13
Q
levator scapula origin
A
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
14
Q
levator scapulae insertion
A
Medial border of scapula superior to root of scapular spine
15
Q
levator scapulae innervation
A
Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5) and cervical (C3, C4) nerves
16
Q
levator scapulae action
A
Elevates scapula and rotates its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
17
Q
supraspinatus origin
A
supraspinous fossa of scapula
18
Q
supraspinatus insertion
A
superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
19
Q
supraspinatus innervation
A
suprascapular nerve C4, C5, C6
20
Q
supraspinatus action
A
initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm; acts with rotator cuff muscles
21
Q
infraspinatus origin
A
infraspinous fossa of scapula
22
Q
infraspinatus insertion
A
middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
23
Q
infraspinatus innervation
A
Suprascapular nerve C5 C6
24
Q
infraspinatus action
A
laterally rotates arm; acts with rotator cuff muscles
25
teres minor origin
middle part of lateral border of scapula
26
teres minor insertion
inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
27
teres minor innervation
axillary nerve C5 C6
28
teres minor action
laterally rotates arm; acts with rotator cuff muscles
29
teres major origin
posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
30
teres major insertion
medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
31
teres major innervation
lower subscapular nerve C5 C6
32
teres major action
adducts and medially rotates arm
33
pectoralis major origin
Clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
34
pectoralis major insertion
lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus
35
pectoralis major innervation
lateral and medial pectoral nerves; clavicular head C5 C6, sternocostal head (C7, C8, T1)
36
pectoralis major action
adducts and medially rotates humerus; draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly. Acting alone, clavicular head flexes humerus and sternocostal head extends it from flexed position
37
pectoralis minor origin
3rd to 5th ribs near their costal cartilages
38
pectoralis minor insertion
medial border and superior surface of coracoid process
39
pectoralis minor innervation
medial pectoral nerve C8 T1
40
pectoralis minor action
stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall
41
serratus anterior origin
external surfaces of lateral parts of 1st through 8th ribs
42
serratus anterior insertion
anterior surface of medial border of scapula
43
serratus anterior innervation
long thoracic nerve C5 C6 C7
44
serratus anterior action
protracts scapula and holds it against thoracic wall, rotates scapula
45
deltoid origin
anterior lateral third of clavicle, middle: acromion, posterior: spine of scapula
46
deltoid insertion
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
47
deltoid innervation
axillary nerve C5 C6
48
deltoid action
Clavicular (anterior): flexes and medially rotates arm acromial (middle): abducts arm
spinal (posterior): extends and laterally rotates arm
49
subscapularis origin
subscapular fossa (most of anterior scapula)
50
subscapularis insertion
lesser tubercle of humerus
51
subscapularis innervation
upper and lower subscapularis nerves C5 C6 C7
52
subscapularis actions
medially rotates arm; as part of rotator cuff, helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity
53
subclavius origin
junction of first rib and costal cartilage
54
subclavius insertion
inferior surface of middle third of clavicle
55
subclavius innervation
nerve to subclavius C5 C6
56
subclavius action
anchors and depresses clavicle
57
coracobrachialis origin
tip of coracoid process of scapula
58
coracobrachialis insertion
middle third of medial surface of humerus
59
coracobrachialis innervation
musculotaneous nerve C5 C6 C7
60
coracobrachialis action
helps flex and adduct arm; resists dislocation of the shoulder
61
biceps brachii origin
short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula
| long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
62
biceps brachii insertion
tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
63
biceps brachii innervation
musculotaneous nerve C5 C6 C7
64
biceps brachii action
supinates forearm and when supine flexes forearm; short head resists dislocation of the shoulder
65
brachialis origin
distal half of anterior surface of humerus
66
brachialis insertion
coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna
67
brachialis innervation
musculotaneous C5 C6 radial nerve C5 C7
68
brachialis action
flexes forearm in all positions
69
brachioradialis origin
proximal two thirds of supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus
70
brachioradialis insertion
lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process
71
brachioradialis innervation
radial nerve C5 C6 C7
72
brachioradialis action
relatively weak flexion of the forearm; maximal when forearm is in mid-pronated position
73
triceps brachii origin
long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
lateral head: posterior to surface of humerus, superior to radial groove
medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
74
triceps brachii insertion
proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm
75
triceps brachii innervation
radial nerve C6 C7 C8
76
triceps brachii action
chief extensor of the forearm; long head resists dislocation of the humerus; especially important during adduction
77
pronator teres origin
Ulnar head: coronoid process humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor origin)
78
pronator teres insertion
middle of convexity of lateral surface of radius
79
pronator teres innervation
median nerve C6 C7
80
pronator teres action
pronates and flexes forearm (at elbow)
81
palmaris longus origin
medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor origin)
82
palmaris longus insertion
distal half of flexor retinaculum and apex of palmar aponeurosis
83
palmaris longus innervation
median nerve C7 C8
84
palmaris longus action
flexes hand (at wrist) and tenses palmar aponeurosis
85
flexor carpi ulnaris origin
humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor origin) ulnar head: olecranon and posterior border of ulna (via aponeurosis)
86
FCU insertion
pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal
87
FCU innervation
ulnar nerve C8 T1
88
FCU action
flexes and adducts hand (at wrist)
89
flexor carpi radialis origin
medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor origin)
90
FCR insertion
base of 2nd metacarpal
91
FCR innervation
Median nerve C6 C7
92
FCR action
flexes and abducts hand at wrist
93
flexor digitorum superficialis origin
humeral head: medial epicondyle (common flexor origin and coronoid process) radial head: superior half of anterior border
94
FDS insertion
shafts of middle phalanges of medial four digits
95
FDS innervation
median nerve C7 C8 T1
96
FDS action
flexes middle phalanges at PIP's of middle four digits; acting more strongly, it also flexes proximal phalanges at MCP's
97
Flexor digitorum profundus origin
proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane
98
FDP insertion
medial part: bases of distal phalanges of 4th and 5th digits
| Lateral part: bases of distal phalanges of 2nd and 3rd digits
99
FDP innervation
medial part*: ulnar nerve C8 T1 lateral part: anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve C8 T1
100
FDP action
medial part: flexes distal phalanges 4 and 5 at DIP joints
| lateral part: flexes distal phalanges 2 and 3 at DIP joints
101
Flexor pollicis longus origin
anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
102
FPL insertion
base of distal phalanx of thumb
103
FPL innervation
anterior interosseous nerve C8 T1
104
FPL action
flexes phalanges of 1st digit
105
pronator quadratus origin
distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna
106
pronator quadratus insertion
distal quarter of anterior surface of RADIUS
107
pronator quadratus innervation
anterior interosseous nerve C8 T1
108
pronator quadratus action
pronates forearm; deep fibers bind radius and ulna together
109
extensor carpi radialis longus origin
lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus
110
ECRL insertion
dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal
111
ECRL innervation
radial nerve C6 C7
112
ECRL action
extend and abduct hand at the wrist joint; ECRL active during fist clenching
113
Extensor carpi radialis brevis origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)
114
ECRB insertion
dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal
115
ECRB innervation
*deep branch of radial nerve C7 C8
116
ECRB action
extend and abduct hand at the wrist joint
117
Extensor digitorum origin
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
118
Extensor digitorum insertion
Extensor expansions of medial four digits
119
Extensor digitorum nerve
Deep radial C7 C8
120
Extensor digitorum action
Extends medial four digits primarily at MCPs and secondarily at IP joints
121
extensor digiti minimi origin
lateral epicondyle of the humerus
122
extensor digit minimi insertion
extensor expansion of 5th digit
123
extensor digiti minimi nerve
deep radial C7 C8
124
extensor digiti minimi action
extends the 5th digit primarily at the MCP, secondarily at the IP
125
extensor carpi ulnaris origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus; posterior border of ulna via shared aponeurosis
126
ECU insertion
dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal
127
ECU innervation
deep radial C7 C8
128
ECU action
extends and adducts hand at wrist joint (also active during fist clenching)
129
Supinator origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus; radial collateral and annular ligaments; supinator fossa; crest of ulna
130
supinator insertion
lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius
131
supinator nerve
deep radial C7 C8
132
supinator action
Supinates forearm; rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly or superiorly (if elbow is flexed)
133
Abductor pollicis longus origin
posterior surface of proximal halves of ulna, radius and interosseous membrane
134
Abductor pollicis longus insertion
base of 1st metacarpal
135
Abductor pollicis longus nerve
POSTERIOR interosseous C7 C8
136
Abductor pollicis longus action
abducts thumb and extends it at the carpometacarpal joint
137
Extensor pollicis longus origin
posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane
138
Extensor pollicis longus insertion
dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb
139
Extensor pollicis longus nerve
posterior interosseous C7 C8
140
Extensor pollicis longus action
ALL: extends distal phalanx of thumb at IP joint; extends MCP and carpometacarpal joints
141
Extensor pollicis brevis origin
posterior surface of distal third of radius*** and interosseous membrane
142
Extensor pollicis brevis insertion
dorsal aspect of proximal phalanx of thumb
143
Extensor pollicis brevis nerve
posterior interosseous C7 C*
144
Extensor pollicis brevis action
extends proximal phalanx of the thumb at MCP; extends carpometacarpal joint
145
Extensor indicis origin
posterior surface of distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane
146
Extensor indicis insertion
Extensor expansion of 2nd digit
147
Extensor indicis nerve
posterior interosseous C7 C8
148
Extensor indicis action
extends the 2nd digit for independent expansion; helps to extend hand and wrist
149
abductor pollicis brevis nerve
recurrent branch of median nerve C8 T1
150
abductor pollicis brevis action
abducts thumb, helps oppose it
151
flexor pollicis brevis nerve
SUPERFICIAL: recurrent branch of median nerve C8 T1
DEEP: deep ulnar C8 T1
152
flexor pollicis brevis action
flexes thumb
153
opponens pollicis nerve
recurrent branch of median nerve C8 T1
154
opponens pollicis action
to oppose thumb: draws 1st metacarpal medially to center of palm and rotates it medially
155
adductor pollicis nerve
deep ulnar C8 T1
156
adductor pollicis action
adducts thumb toward lateral border of the palm
157
abductor digiti minimi nerve
deep ulnar C8 T1
158
abductor digiti minimi action
abducts 5th digit; assists in flexion of proximal phalanx
159
flexor digiti minimi brevis nerve
deep ulnar C8 T1
160
flexor digiti minimi brevis action
flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
161
opponens digiti minimi nerve
deep ulnar C8 T1
162
opponens digiti minimi action
draws 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it, bringing 5th digit in opposition with thumb
163
Dorsal interossei nerve
deep ulnar C8 T1
164
Dorsal interossei action
abduction 2nd to 4th digits from axial line; act with lumbricals in flexing MCP joints and extending IP joints
165
palmar interossei nerve
deep ulnar C8 T1
166
palmar interossei action
adduct 2, 4 and 5 digits TOWARD axial line; assist with lumbricals for MCP flexion and IP extension; extensor expansions of 2-4
