Final OP

Question 1

Brachialis

Answer 1

O: distal anterior shaft of humerus
I: ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna

Main elbow flexor

Musculocutaneous nerve
Brachial artery

Question 2

MMT: Brachialis

Answer 2

Seated or supine
Place hand under semi-flexed elbow, or cushion it.
Forearm pronated.

Resist extension.

Question 3

Teres Major

Answer 3

O: Inferior portion of lateral border of the scapula
I: Medial lip of bicipital groove

Medial rotation, adduction and extension

Lower subscapular nerve
Circumflex scapular artery

Question 4

MMT: Teres Major

Answer 4

Prone

Arm extended and adducted, medially rotated, hand palm up on posterior iliac crest. Raise elbow.

Resist downward push against arm, above elbow.

Question 5

Biceps brachii

Answer 5

O: (long head) supraglenoid tubercle
(short head) corocoid process
I: radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis

Elbow flexion
Shoulder flexion, forearm supination

Musculocutaneous nerve
Brachial artery

Question 6

MMT: Biceps

Answer 6

Seated or supine
Place hand under semi-flexed elbow, or cushion it.
Forearm supinated.

Resist extension.

Question 7

Triceps brachii

Answer 7

O: (long head) infraglenoid tubercle
(lateral head) proximal half of humeral shaft
(medial head) distal half of humeral shaft
I: olecranon process

Elbow extension
Long head: shoulder extension

Radial nerve.
Deep brachial artery

Question 8

MMT: Triceps

Answer 8

Prone. Shoulder flexed to 90º.

Support at bicep. Pressure at forearm.

Resist flexion.

Question 9

MMT: Triceps

Answer 9

Prone. Shoulder flexed to 90º.

Support at bicep. Pressure at forearm.

Resist flexion.

Question 10

Brachioradialis

Answer 10

O: lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
I: styloid process of the radius

Flexes elbow when neutrally pronated/supinated
Brings forearm to neutral from supination/pronation

Radial nerve
Brachial and radial arteries

Question 11

MMT: Brachioradialis

Answer 11

Supine or seated. Elbow supported and partially flexed.

Neutral pronation.

Resist extension

Question 12

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Answer 12

O: medial epicondyle (CFT) and proximal ulna
I: pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal (under Tunnel of Guyon?)

Wrist flexion, ulnar deviation
Slight elbow flexion

Ulnar nerve
Ulnar artery

Question 13

MMT: FCU

Answer 13

Sitting or supine. Forearm supinated, wrist flexed.

Resist extension, radial deviation.

Question 14

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Answer 14

Deep compartment of forearm.

O: Middle 1/3 of posterior ulna, and interosseous membrane
I: posterior base of MC1

Abducts thumb at CMC

Radial nerve
Posterior Interosseous artery

Question 15

MMT: Abductor Pollicis longus

Answer 15

Sitting or supine. Semi-supinated (thumb up). Stabilize wrist.

Pressure against MC1

Resist adduction and flexion

Question 16

Pectoralis Major

Answer 16

Origin: (clavicular): anterior surface of sternal half of clavicle
(sternocostal): anterior sternum, cartilages of R1-6/7, aponeurosis of external obliques.

Insertion: crest of greater tubercle of humerus

Clavicular: flexion and medial rotation, horizontal adduction
Sternocostal: scapular depression, oblique adduction of humerus toward opposite hip

Lateral (clavicular) and medial (both) pectoral nerves
Thoraco-acromial artery

Question 17

MMT: Pec Major (upper)

Answer 17

Supine. Shoulder flexed to 90°, slight medial rotation, horizontally adducted toward clavicle.

Fix opposite shoulder.

Resist horizontal abduction.

Question 18

MMT: Pec Major (lower)

Answer 18

Supine. Shoulder flexed, slight medial rotation, obliquely adducted toward opposite hip.

Fix opposite hip.

Resist lateral and superior adduction

Question 19

Quadratus lumborum

Answer 19

Origin: posterior iliac crest
Insertion: R12 and TVPs of L1-4

Extension and lateral flexion of the trunk. APT. Elevates pelvis at lumbar sacral joint.

Lumbar plexus
Subcostal, lumbar and iliolumbar arteries.

Question 20

MMT: The QL

Answer 20

Prone. Leg abducted in line with fibres, slightly extended, hip elevated.

Resist downward oblique pull on leg

no need to time. Pass/Fail

Question 21

Rectus Femoris

Answer 21

Origin: AIIS, groove just above acetabular rim
Insertion: tibial tuberosity

Knee extension
Hip flexion

Femoral nerve
Femoral and deep femoral artery

Question 22

MMT: Rectus Femoris

Answer 22

Seated. Support under thigh. Knee fully extended, no rotation.

Resist flexion.

Question 23

Tensor fascia latae

Answer 23

Origin: ASIS
Insertion: prox 1/3 ITB

Flexion, abduction, medial rotation

Superior gluteal nerve
Deep femoral and superior gluteal arteries

Question 24

MMT; TFL

Answer 24

Supine. Hip flexed knee extended.

Resist extension and adduction.

Question 25

Biceps femoris

Answer 25

Origin: (long head). Ischial tuberosity (short head). Linea aspera Insertion: head of fibula and lateral tibial condyle. Knee flexion. Long head: hip extension, PPT Sciatic (tibial) nerve Inferior gluteal, obturator and deep femoral arteries.

Question 26

MMT: biceps femoris

Answer 26

Prone. Knee flexed to 50-70°, slight lateral flexion. Fix thigh on table. Resist extension. Do not apply rotation.

Question 27

Soleus

Answer 27

Origin: soleal line of tibia. Head and proximal 1/3 tibia Insertion: calcaneus via Achilles' tendon Plantar flexion Tibial nerve Popliteal artery.

Question 28

MMT: soleus

Answer 28

Prone. Knee flexed. Plantarflexion. Grip at posterior calcaneus, support medial-distal tibia. Resist dorsiflexion (pushing calcaneus up, not plantar surface down).

Question 29

Tibialis posterior

Answer 29

O: posterior 2/3 tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane. Insertion: plantar MT 2-4 and all tarsals except talus. Inversion and plantarflexion Tibial nerve Posterior tibial artery

Question 30

MMT: Tibialis posterior

Answer 30

Supine. Leg laterally rotated. Plantarflexed and inverted. Support leg above ankle. Resist dorsiflexion and eversion, against medial foot.

Question 31

Tibialis anterior

Answer 31

O: proximal anterior tibia. (Lateral tibial condyle and prox 2/3 interosseous membrane) I: dorsal 1st cuneiform and 1st metatarsal. Dorsiflexion. Inversion. Deep fibular nerve Anterior tibial artery

Question 32

MMT: Tibialis anterior

Answer 32

Supine or seated. Knee flexed if gastroc tight. Support leg, just above ankle. Resist plantarflexion and eversion

Question 33

Fibularis longus

Answer 33

O: head of fibula, prox 1/2 lateral fibula I: plantar surface of 1st cuneiform and 1st metatarsal (hooks around cuboid) Eversion and plantarflexion Superficial fibular nerve Fibular artery

Question 34

MMT: fib long

Answer 34

Supine. Medially rotated. Support leg above ankle. Resist inversion and dorsiflexion against lateral border of foot.

Question 35

Extensor hallucis longus.

Answer 35

O: mid anterior fibula (mid 1/3 fib, interosseous membrane) I: dorsal big toe (distal phalanx) Extends big toe at MTP and IP. Dorsiflexion and inversion Deep fibular nerve Anterior tibial artery

Question 36

MMT: EHL

Answer 36

Sitting or supine. Stabilize foot in slight plantarflexion, big toe extended. Resist flexion.

Question 37

Pectoralis minor

Answer 37

O: R3-5 I: coracoid process of scapula Protraction and depression of scapula. Elevation of R3-5 Medial and lateral pectoral nerves Thoraco-acromial artery

Question 38

MMT: Pec Minor

Answer 38

Supine. Elevate shoulder. Resist depression.

Question 39

Infraspinatus

Answer 39

O: infraspinatus I: middle facet of greater tubercle Lateral rotation Suprascapular nerve Suprascapular artery

Question 40

MMT: infraspinatus

Answer 40

Prone. Shoulder and elbow flexed (half W). Bicep supported/cushioned. Resist medial rotation against forearm.

Question 41

Psoas major

Answer 41

O: vertebral bodies, TVPs and discs T12-L5 I: lesser trochanter of femur (merges with iliacus) Flexion and lateral rotation of thigh. Flexion and lateral rotation of trunk APT

Question 42

MMT: iliopsoas (emphasis on Psoas)

Answer 42

Prone. Leg flexed, slightly abducted and externally rotated. Fix opposite hip. Resist extension and slight abduction.