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GOPH > final part 2 > Flashcards

final part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Tsunami amplitude of less than _ occur in the open ocean

A

1m

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2
Q

According to our viewing of the NOAA hurricane tracker, the atlantic season is winding down

A

true

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3
Q

Earth’s equatorial regions receive about

A

2.4 times as much solar energy as its polar regions

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4
Q

The disastrous earthquake and aftershocks in _ were knocked out of the news cycle due to the current middle east war.

A

Afghanistan

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5
Q

The fraction of solar energy reflected back to space due to Earth’s cloudiness or snow and ice cover is known as _

A

albedo

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6
Q

detailed mapping of the ocean bottom around the Hawaiian islands received a previously unrecognized tsunami source. What did geologists discover on the seafloor in this area

A

slumps and debris avalanches formed by volcanic flank collapse

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7
Q

Volcanic eruptions can cause tsunami

A

true

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8
Q

A portion of short-wavelength solar radiation absorbed at Earth’s surface gets re-radicated at lower frequency and absorbed in the atmosphere. This process is known as __

A

the greenhouse effect

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9
Q

In 2004 ___ ocean tsunami killed an estimated 245,000 people in 13 countries

A

Indian

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10
Q

The largest tsunami have wavelength approaching ___

A

1000km

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11
Q

During the drive from Edmonton to Calgary, we must steer _________ slightly to oppose the __________ effect.

A

left, Coriolis

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12
Q

Changing a solid to a gas without passing through a liquid stage is called _________.

A

sublimation

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13
Q

Winds cross perpendicular to isobar lines due to which force?

A

the pressure gradient

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14
Q

When water vapour condenses it _________.

A

releases latent heat

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15
Q

Deep-ocean waters distribute heat and salt around the world by _________.

A

thermohaline flow

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16
Q

Seasonal weather change is not as great in the Southern Hemisphere relative to the Northern Hemisphere because __________.

A

the Southern Hemisphere lacks a polar jet

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17
Q

hurricane _________ escaped our notice last week. This storm transitioned from a tropical storm to a hurricane __________ ever recorded.

A

otis, in the shortest time

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18
Q

The _________are the two main jet streams in each hemisphere.

A

polar jet and subtropical jet

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19
Q

A __________ is the sloping surface between air masses of different temperature and humidity.

A

front

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20
Q

Which of these is not part of the basic sequence within a lightning strike?

A

Identical-polarity charges on the ground form beneath the storm

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21
Q

Winds in a hurricane are strongest _________.

A

in the eye wall

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22
Q

Hurricanes rotate in a _________ around a central core in the Northern Hemisphere.

A

counterclockwise

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23
Q

A Saffir-Simpson Scale 5 hurricane has _________ wind speeds relative to a hurricane rated 1 on the same scale.

A

the lowest pressure and highest

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24
Q

Within the eye of a well-developed hurricane _________.

A

air sinks and warms

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25
Q

_________ cause the __________ associated with a lightning strike.

A

Combustion of flammable gases; thunder

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26
Q

requirements for hail to form are:

A

upper-level cold air creating maximum temperature contrasts
, large thunderstorms with buoyant hot air rising from heated ground, strong updrafts to keep hailstones suspended while adding coatings of ice onto ever-growing cores

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27
Q

__________ is a late season hurricane that formed in the Eastern Pacific a few days after __________ caused __________ in Acapulco, Mexico.

A

Pilar; Otis; widespread flooding

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28
Q

The Enhanced Fujita Scale ranks _________.

A

tornadoes based on estimated maximum wind speed

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29
Q

Methane hydrate melting might result in significant global warming.

A

true

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30
Q

Reef building stores the present day 18O/16O ratio of seawater within the CaCO3 shell walls built by reel-loving bugs. Over time, therefore, reefs capture the history of ocean temperature.

A

true

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31
Q

The beautiful tone and sustain of a violin made in the late 1600s by Stradavari might correspond to denser wood grown during the 70-year _________.

A

Maunder Minimum

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32
Q

Wind-speed on the western side of a tropical cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere is __________.

A

speed of the storm body minus the wind speed

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33
Q

Hurricane storm surge in the Northern hemisphere is greatest on which part of the tropical cyclone?

A

right-side front

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34
Q

Plinian eruptions can cool the climate slightly for a few years because _________.

A

highly reflective sulphuric acid and fine ash persist just below the tropopause

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35
Q

Hurricanes begin with an Arctic disturbance - a low-pressure system drawing in a poorly organized cluster of thunderstorms.

A

false

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36
Q

A typhoon is more like a tornado than a hurricane.

A

false

37
Q

The Little Ice Age affecting Europe between 1,400 and 1,900 CE __________ the average annual temperature globally by about __________ and corresponds to crop failure, famine, and war in quantities significantly larger than during previous and subsequent eras.

A

lowered; 1C

38
Q

_________ causes the longest period Milankovitch cycle.

A

Eccentricity

39
Q

Which of these is the worst (and, thankfully, least abundant) greenhouse gas?

A

chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)

40
Q

Regions of coastline lying to the left of the landfall of a tropical cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere you experience __________.

A

wind speed minus the storm motion

41
Q

The Atlantic hurricane season is usually over by today’s date.

A

true (usually june 1 - nov 30)

42
Q

Which of these is not part of the basic sequence within a lightning strike?

A

Clouds rub together and create static electricity like your socks on a carpet in winter time

43
Q

Where do we find most (80%) of the Earth’s carbon dioxide?

A

limestone

44
Q

Rotating winds pull air molecules into a tighter and tighter spiral increasing wind speeds due to the conservation of _________.

A

angular momentum

45
Q

The _________are the two main jet streams in each hemisphere.

A

polar jet and subtropical jet

46
Q

Condensing 1 kg of water releases an amount of energy equal to the energy required to evaporate 1 kg of water.

A

true

47
Q

The 2004 _________ Ocean tsunami killed an estimated 245,000 people in 13 countries.

A

indian

48
Q

The largest historic tsunami wave run-up ever recorded was caused by a massive rockfall into the water at_________.

A

Lituya Bay, Alaska

49
Q

Hurricane _________ escaped our notice this semester - it transitioned from a tropical storm to a hurricane __________ ever recorded.

A

Otis; in the shortest time

50
Q

The most localized, powerful windstorm with cyclonic winds is a _________.

A

Tornado

51
Q

Reef building stores the present day 18O/16O ratio of seawater within the CaCO3 shell walls built by reef-loving bugs. Over time, therefore, reefs capture the history of ocean temperature.

A

True

52
Q

Changing a gas to a liquid is called _________.

A

Condensation

53
Q

High humidity during a heat wave is particularly bad because _________.

A

the evaporation of sweat is slowed

54
Q

The average surface temperature on Earth before life was present was much colder than it is now.

A

false

55
Q

Wind-blown waves have _________ relative to tsunami.

A

short periods and short wavelengths

56
Q

The highest wind speeds of any weather phenomenon occur in _________.

A

cyclone

57
Q

Which of the following greenhouse gases is the most efficient at trapping heat (i.e., has the highest global warming potential—GWP)?

A

chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s)

58
Q

Seasonal fluctuations in temperature and precipitation are less extreme in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere because __________.

A

more of the Southern Hemisphere is covered by ocean

59
Q

As a hurricane forms, converging surface winds meet at the central core, which acts like a chimney sending _________.

A

warm, moist air flowing rapidly upward

60
Q

Geologists discovered __________ on the seafloor suggestive of a tsunami risk to Hawaii.

A

slumps and debris avalanches formed by volcanic flank collapse

61
Q

During the 20th century, the average global surface temperature rose _________.

A

0.8 degrees C

62
Q

A building destroyed by a tornado likely lost its roof first.

A

true

63
Q

Coastlines during low tide suffer worse storm surge during hurricanes.

A

false

64
Q

The portion of __________-wavelength solar radiation absorbed at Earth’s surface getting re-radiated at __________ frequency and absorbed in the atmosphere is thought to cause the greenhouse effect.

A

short; lower

65
Q

Plinian eruptions can cool the climate slightly for a few years because _________.

A

highly reflective sulphuric acid and fine ash persist just below the tropopause

66
Q

Tsunami amplitudes of less than _________ occur in the open ocean.

A

1 m

67
Q

The atmosphere of Venus is about the same as Earth’s atmosphere.

A

false

68
Q

Which of the following conditions is not thought indicate an unusually active hurricane season in the Atlantic Ocean?

A

extra randomness in the MilanKovitch Cycles

69
Q

What causes winds to blow across isobars rather than parallel to them?

A

the pressure gradient force

70
Q

The beautiful tone and sustain of a violin made in the late 1600s by Stradavari might correspond to denser wood grown during the 70-year _________.

A

Maunder Minimum

71
Q

During the last 7,000 years Earth experienced a _________.

A

2C lowering of global average temperature

72
Q

_________ causes the shortest period Milankovitch cycle.

A

Precession

73
Q

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a sample of water is referred to as the _________heat.

A

specific

74
Q

Winds speed slows at ground level due to which force?

A

surface friction

75
Q

the coriolis effect

A

circulating air is deflected toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere

76
Q

Winds in a hurricane are strongest _________.

A

in the eye wall

77
Q

Ascending air at the equator and descending air around 30°N and S latitudes create semicircular air circulation routes known as _________.

A

Hadley cells

78
Q

Which natural disaster does not generate a tsunami?

A

hurricane

79
Q

Our options for limiting climate include reducing the CO2 content of the atmosphere and _________.

A

managing the solar radiation received by Earth

80
Q

The theoretical velocity of a tsunami in a z m deep ocean is __________ where g is acceleration due to gravity.

(formula)

A

(1/2) * (pgz)

81
Q

Requirements for a hurricane include the at least 200 km from the equator.

A

false

82
Q

requirements for a huricane include

A

seawater with a temperature of at least 27°C in the upper 60 m of the ocean

seawater with a temperature of at least 27°C in the upper 60 m of the ocean

seawater with a temperature of at least 27°C in the upper 60 m of the ocean

83
Q

The centre of polar jet flows __________ at approximately 400 kmph.

(direction)

A

east

84
Q

The Icelandic-origin word for large and abrupt releases of water related to glaciation is __________.

A

jokulhlaup

85
Q

Why does Winnipeg have a floodway?

A

fast snow-melt and flat topography flood the Red River frequently

86
Q

When a flood crest passes downstream, stream level falls more rapidly than it rose.

A

false

87
Q

Why is duff at the base of a tree a greater fire hazard than the tree itself?

A

the continuous duff layer in a forest spreads fire from one tree to the rest

88
Q

Environment Canada measures all but __________ for flood mitigation.

A

oxygen isotope ratios

89
Q
A

GOPH (4 decks)

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