midterm 2

Question 1

During the drive from from Edmonton to Calgary, we must steer _________ slightly to oppose the __________ effect.

Answer 1

left , coreolis

Question 2

Changing a solid to a gas without passing through a liquid stage is called _________.

Answer 2

sublimination

Question 3

Winds cross perpendicular to isobar lines due to which force?

Answer 3

the pressure gradient

Question 4

When water vapour condenses it _________.

Answer 4

releases latent heat

Question 5

Deep-ocean waters distribute heat and salt around the world by _________.

Answer 5

thermohaline flow

Question 6

Seasonal weather change is not as great in the Southern Hemisphere relative to the Northern Hemisphere because __________.

Answer 6

oceans

Question 7

The _________are the two main jet streams in each hemisphere.

Answer 7

polar jet and subtropical jet

Question 8

A __________ is the sloping surface between air masses of different temperature and humidity.

Answer 8

front

Question 9

Which of these is not part of the basic sequence within a lightning strike?

Answer 9

Identical-polarity charges on the ground form beneath the storm

Question 10

Winds in a hurricane are strongest _________.

Answer 10

eye wall

Question 11

Hurricanes rotate in a _________ around a central core in the Northern Hemisphere.

Answer 11

counterclockwise (clockwise in southern)

Question 12

A Saffir-Simpson Scale 5 hurricane has _________ wind speeds relative to a hurricane rated 1 on the same scale.

Answer 12

the lowest pressure and highest

Question 13

Tornadoes occur along the collision zone between _________.

Answer 13

a cold front and a high-energy warm air mass

Question 14

Within the eye of a well-developed hurricane _________.

Answer 14

air sinks and warms

Question 15

_________ cause the __________ associated with a lightning strike.

Answer 15

Shock waves due to the explosive expansion of gasses; thunder

Question 16

Important requirements for hail to form are _________.

Answer 16

large thunderstorms with buoyant hot air rising from heated ground ; upper-level cold air creating maximum temperature contrasts ; strong updrafts to keep hailstones suspended while adding coatings of ice onto ever-growing cores

Question 17

__________ is a late season hurricane that formed in the Eastern Pacific a few days after __________ caused __________ in Acapulco, Mexico.

Answer 17

Pilar; Otis; widespread flooding

Question 18

The Enhanced Fujita Scale ranks _________.

Answer 18

tornadoes based on estimated maximum wind speed

Question 19

Methane hydrate melting might result in significant global warming.

Answer 19

true

Question 20

Reef building stores the present day 18O/16O ratio of seawater within the CaCO3 shell walls built by reel-loving bugs. Over time, therefore, reefs capture the history of ocean temperature.

Answer 20

true

Question 21

The beautiful tone and sustain of a violin made in the late 1600s by Stradavari might correspond to denser wood grown during the 70-year _________.

Answer 21

Maunder Minimum

Question 22

Wind-speed on the western side of a tropical cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere is __________.

Question 23

The highest wind speeds of any weather phenomenon occur in

Answer 23

tornadoes

Question 24

The Little Ice Age that affected Europe from about ___________ lowered average annual
temperature by only about 1C but was enough to reduce crop yields, cause mountain
glaciers to advance, and produce winters much more severe than in the twentieth century.

Answer 24

1400 - 1900

Question 25

A widespread, powerful wind storm with straight-line winds is referred to as a ________________.

Answer 25

Derecho

Question 26

What isn't a requirement for a hurricane to develop?

Answer 26

tornado serving as triggering mechanism, spreading out and slowing as storm grows

Question 27

A hurricane acts as a heat engine, transferring heat from ________________________.

Answer 27

the warm, moist air above tropical seas into the core of the hurricane

Question 28

When short-wavelength radiation from the Sun passes through a planet's atmosphere but long-wavelength reradiation is trapped, the resulting conditions produce

Answer 28

the greenhouse effect

Question 29

Which greenhouse gas accounts for 60% of global warming?

Answer 29

CO2

Question 30

When approaching the Western Hemisphere, hurricanes commonly move north on clockwise-curving paths due to the _________________.

Answer 30

Coriolis effect

Question 31

The level of oxygen in the form of O2 in the Earth's atmosphere ________________.

Answer 31

has not changed substantially in the past 450 million years

Question 32

A typhoon is more like a tornado than a hurricane.

Answer 32

false

Question 33

The Little Ice Age affecting Europe between 1,400 and 1,900 CE __________ the average annual temperature globally by about __________ and corresponds to crop failure, famine, and war in quantities significantly larger than during previous and subsequent eras.

Answer 33

lowered, 1 degree C

Question 34

_________ causes the longest period Milankovitch cycle.

Answer 34

Eccentricity