Final Prep 1-6 & 8 Flashcards
(178 cards)
1
Q
The Heart is an example of a
-Organism
-Organ
-Tissue
-System
A
Organ
2
Q
In which abdominal region is the liver located?
a.Right hypochondriac
b.Right lumbar
c.Right Flank
d.Left hypochondriac
e.Right inguinal
A
Right Hypochondriac
3
Q
Which abdominal region is the stomach located?
-Epigastrium
-Umbilical
-Left hypochondriac
-Right hypochondriac
-hypogastrium
A
Epigastrium
4
Q
The body section that divides the right ear from the left ear is a ——- section
a. frontal
b. Coronal
c. sagittal
d. Transverse
A
Sagittal
5
Q
The level of organization directly below the organ level is the _____ level.
a. system
b. tissue
c. cellular
d. chemical
A
Tissue
6
Q
Which region is located superior to the hypogastrium?
a. right iliac
b. umbilical
c. right flank
d. hypogastric
e. epigastium
A
Umbilical
7
Q
The abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity are separated by a muscle called the diaphragm.
True or false
A
False
8
Q
Acids have
a. less h+ ions
b. ph less that 7
c. ph more than 7 and less H+ ions
A
pH less than 7
9
Q
Bonds that usually dissociate (separate) in water to form electrolytes are _____ bonds.
a. ionic
b. covalent no polar
c. organic
A
Ionic
10
Q
In which abdominal region the sigmoid colon is found?
- left iliac
-right iliac
-epigastrium
-right inguinal
-left lumbar
A
Left iliac
11
Q
Which abdominal region houses the majority of the descending colon?
-epigastrium
-left flank
- left inguinal
-right inguinal
-right flank
A
Left flank
12
Q
The human body tries to maintain hydration. This is an example of
-a sensor
-positive feedback loop
-an effector
-homeostasis
A
Homeostasis
13
Q
1.The lower part of the ventral body cavity
2.Part of the dorsal cavity that contains the brain
3.Muscular sheet dividing the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
4.Divides the body into right and left sides
5.Divides the body into front and rear parts-
6.Cavity that is subdivided into pleural cavities-
-
Abdominopelvic cavity
Cranial Cavity
Diaphragm
Sagittal plane
Frontal plane
Thoracic Cavity
A
- Abdominopelvic cavity
2.Cranial Cavity
3.Diaphragm
4.Sagital plane
5.Frontal plane
6.Thoracic Cavity
14
Q
The body section that divides the nose from the back of the head is a _____ section.
-midsagittal
-frontal
-transverse
-sagittal
A
Frontal
15
Q
Which abdominal region is located lateral to the umbilical region?
-iliac
-hypochondriac
-epigastric
-lumbar
A
Lumbar
16
Q
Alkaline have
-a ph more that 7
-a ph less than 7
-more H+ ions and ph more than 7
A
pH more than 7
17
Q
Which word is defined as the study of the function of living organisms and their parts?
-Anatomy
-Physiology
-Pathology
-Dissection
A
Physiology
18
Q
Cells:
a. are more complex than tissues
b. are the first level of organization in the body
c. are the smallest living units of structure and function in the body
A
C. Are the smallest living units of structure and function in the body
19
Q
The levels of organization from most simple to most complex are:
a.cell - organelle → organ - tissue - system
b.organelle → cell - tissue - organ - system
c.tissue - cell -organelle →organ -system
d.tissue - cell - organ - organelle →system
A
b.organelle → cell - tissue - organ - system
20
Q
The part of the feedback loop that detects a change in the regulated condition is called
-the sensor
-homeostasis
-the control center
-the effector
A
The sensor
21
Q
Which abdominal region is located below the umbilical region?
A
Hypogastric
22
Q
Which term means toward the head?
A
Superior
23
Q
A group of cells that act together to perform a function is called a
A
tissue
24
Q
A coronal plane or section is another term for a _____ plane
A
Frontal
25
In which abdominal region is the spleen located?
left hypogastric
26
Which of the options describes below correspond to a function of the Osteoclasts
-Builds bone
-secretes synovial fluid into joints
-raises blood calcium levels
-regulates the production of blood cells
Raises calcium levels
27
Which of the following bones
is not located in the lower limbs?
-tarsal
-tibia
-ulna
-femur
Ulna
28
Which of the following substances makes the skin water resistant?
Keratin
29
Which structure refers to the shaft of a long bone?
Diaphysis
30
The diaphysis is the...
shaft of the long bone
31
What is the outer lining of connective tissue that surrounds the diaphysis of a long bone ?
Periosteum
32
C1 to C7 refer to
vertebrae
33
What is the term that refers to the replacement of cartilage by bone?
Ossification
34
Fontanels are
areas found in the infant skull that are membranous
35
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal refer to...
vertebrae
36
Which of the following describes exfoliation and desquamation?
The sloughing off by the stratum corneum of dead cells
37
Which word(s) best reflect(s) the function of the epiphyseal disc (Aka. Growth cartilage) ?
Longitudinal growth
38
Which of the following is true of the following terms: osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocyte, and osseous tissue?
All refer to bone
39
The purpose of the right heart is to pump blood
a.into the aorta.
b.to the systemic circulation.
c.into the coronary arteries
d.to the lungs for oxygenation.
to the lungs for oxygenation
40
The __________ is synthesized (produced) by the skin and is necessary for calcium absorption from the digestive tract.
Vitamin D
41
Which of the following is not part of the thoracic cage?
Pelvic Bones
42
They hypodermis:
is also called the subcutaneous layer
43
Which bone is found in the skull but not in the cranium?
Mandible
44
What is the name of the “soft spots” in a baby’s skull?
Fontanels
45
Which of the following is located at the ends of a long bone?
Epiphysis
46
The occipital bone
Contains the foramen magnum
47
Which bone is found in the skull but is not a facial bone?
Occipital
48
Cancellous refers to a
Spongy bone
49
What is the result of the contraction of the arrector pili muscles?
goosebumps
50
The Haversian system (osteon) is
the functional unit of the bone
51
the zygomatic bone
is called the cheekbone
52
What is the function of the masseter muscle?
chew food
53
Which muscle separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and is also the chief breathing muscle?
diaphragm
54
Which of the following is not descriptive of the medulla oblongata?
cardiovascular respiratory center
55
The medulla oblongata is:
a.sensitive to the effects of opioids (narcotics).
b.all of the above.
c.located in the brain stem.
d.an infratentorial structure.
b.all of the above.
56
The orbicularis oris muscle
surrounds the mouth
57
The medulla oblongata descends as the
spinal cord
58
What is the name of the cord of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone?
tendon
59
The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are referred to as the
brain stem
60
The frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes form the
cerebrum
61
Which cranial nerve is responsible for eye movements?
CN II
62
Which of the following is an event that occurs within the neuromuscular junction?
Binding of the acetylcholine to the cholinergic receptor on the muscle membrane
63
The corpus callosum:
connects the right and left hemispheres.
64
A tendon:
attaches muscle to bone
65
The orbicularis oculi:
encircles the lips
66
Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the muscles of facial expression?
CN VII
67
There are four major areas of the brain: the cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and
cerebellum
68
Which muscles are located between the ribs and help move the rib cage during breathing?
intercostal muscles
69
Which of the following muscles is described as striated and involuntary?
cardiac
70
Which of the following is located within the subarachnoid space?
cerebrospinal fluid
71
The cerebral spinal fluid
cushions the brain (Protection) , delivers nutrients to the brain, and removes wastes
72
What makes white matter “white”?
Myelin
73
Which of the following is true of the diencephalon?
Contains the thalamus and hypothalamus
74
Acetylcholine is released from the neuron’s membrane in response to the
nerve impluse
75
The Achilles tendon attaches the soleus and which muscle to the calcaneus?
gastrocnemius
76
What is the fatty insulating material that surrounds the axons of the white matter nerve cells?
myelin
77
Which of the following statements is not true of the spinal cord?
It extends form the occipital bone to the third sacral vertebra
78
The two principal divisions that make up the nervous system are the:
Central and peripheral nervous system
79
The autonomic nervous system is considered a subdivision of the central nervous system.
false
80
Which of the following types of muscle is stimulated by the Somatic Nervous System?
skeletal muscle
81
Which of the following is most characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?
rest and digest system
82
Stimulation of Alpha 1 receptors produce
vasoconstriction
83
Parkinson disease is treated by trying to get more dopamine into the brain
true
84
An adrenergic receptor is stimulated by
epinephrine
85
_____________are part of the peripheral nervous system and is stimulated by Acetylcholine.
somatic and the parasympathetic system
86
Alpha and beta receptors are
associated with the sympathetic nervous system
87
Norepinephrine and acetylcholine both belong to a group of compounds called catecholamines.
false
88
A beta1 receptor
increases heartrate
89
Which of the following is least related to the sympathetic nervous system?
cholinergic effect
90
The Synaptic area are compose by the pre-synaptic, post- synaptic and the synaptic gap
true
91
Stimulation of Beta 2 receptors stimulate the
lungs
92
Stimulation of Beta 1 receptors stimulate the
heart
93
Which group is incorrect?
Sympathetic responses: decreased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, anxiety
94
What term is used to describe the electrical signal that travels down the axon of a neuron?
Action potential
95
The two principal divisions that make up the nervous system are the:
peripheral and autonomic
96
Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, bronchodilation, diaphoresis, and pupillary dilation (mydriasis) are consequences of
activation of the adrenergic receptors.
97
A neurotransmitter that causes the heart to beat stronger and faster is called
adrenergic
98
Sympathetic nerve stimulation causes relaxation of the breathing passages (bronchodilation). Which of the following achieves this effect?
Beta2-adrenergic
99
The autonomic nervous system consists of neurons that conduct impulses from the PNS to:
a.Glandular tissue (Example: Salivary glands)
b.All of the above
c.Smooth muscle
d.Cardiac muscle
all of the above
100
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the “fight-or-flight” response.
true
101
Muscarinic receptors are
activated by ACh
102
Which neurotransmitter is secreted by a cholinergic nerves?
acetylcholine
103
The somatic nervous system controls actions of:
skeletal muscles
104
Which layer of the heart allows it to act like a pump?
Myocardium
105
What is the name of the condition cause by a diet that is deficient in iron?
Anemia
106
Rapid breakdown of which blood cell causes jaundice?
Red blood cell
107
Erythropoietin:
a.All of the above are true.
b.stimulates the bone marrow to produce RBCs.
c.is secreted by the kidneys.
d.is released in response to hypoxemia.
All the above are true
108
which of the following causes granulocytopenia?
Mylenosuppression
109
Which of the following best describes the function of the pulmonary artery?
It carries occurs capillaries, where gas exchange works
110
Which of the following supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle?
Coronary arteries
111
Which of the following defines a nodal rhythm?
The electrical signal arises within the AV node
112
Which of the following terms refers to the circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs?
Pulmonary circulation
113
Which of the following receives oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary veins
114
What is the hardest working cardiac chamber and therefore has the thickest myocardium?
Left ventricle
115
The right ventricle pumps blood to the
pulmonary artery
116
The pacemaker of the heart is located in the upper wall of the
right atrium
117
Which cavity first receives unoxygenated blood from the vena cava?
Right atrium
118
Hemolysis causes
hyperbilirubinemia
119
Which of the following structures receives unoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary artery
120
Which of the following is an oxygen-carrying blood cell?
Erythrocyte
121
What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell in the human body?
120 days
122
Bilirubin is a breakdown product of
red blood cells
123
Which is true of the semilunar valves?
They prevent the backflow of blood from the aorta and pulmonary artery into their respective ventricles.
124
An infection is most often accompanied by
leukocytosis
125
The aorta receives blood from the
left ventricle
126
Blood flows from the right atrium through which atrioventricular valve to the right ventricle?
Tricuspid
127
At the end of 120 days, the red blood cell
is removed from the circulation and broken down
128
Infectious diseases can be transmitted through vectors.
True
129
Which of the following is a measure of the total number of cases of a disease in a population?
Prevalence
130
Which term refers to a collection of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular disease or condition?
Syndrome
131
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
True
132
Which color do Gram-positive bacteria appear under a microscope after the completion of the Gram staining procedure?
Blue/purple
133
What does a low incidence rate of a disease indicate?
Low risk of developing the disease in the population
134
What is the definition of disease according to the provided information?
Any deviation from normal function or structure of an organ or system
135
What are the modes of transmission for infectious diseases?
From human to human, from animal to human, from insect to human
136
What is the term for treatment intended to relieve or heal a disorder?
Therapy
137
Signs are objective evidence of an illness.
False
138
What is the likely course of a disease called?
Prognosis
139
Signs are subjective evidence of an illness.
False
140
What is the study of a disease?
Pathology
141
Which mode of transmission involves disease transmission via an insect?
Vector
142
What is the study of viruses known as?
Virology
143
Naturopathy is a form of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM).
True
144
What is the objective evidence of an illness called?
Signs
145
Which disease terminology refers to a disease of short duration (Less than 3 months)
Acute
146
What is the population of microorganisms that normally grows (The good bacteria) on and within the human body called?
Normal Flora
147
Signs and symptoms are terms that can be used interchangeably.
False
148
What is the primary purpose of Gram staining in bacteriology?
To differentiate between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
149
Which category of disease is characterized by invasion and multiplication of microorganisms?
Infection
150
Chronic diseases are characterized by severe symptoms but short duration (Less than 3 weeks).
False
151
Pain is an example of a sign.
False
152
Which of the following is an example of a sign?
Elevated blood pressure
153
Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal glands and increases the absorption of salt?
Aldosterone
154
The duodenum receives the Chyme, Bile and Pancreatic Juice
True
155
RAAS pathway
Kidney (Renin) → Liver (Angiotensin I) → Lungs (Angiotensin II) → Adrenal gland (Aldosterone) → Kidney (reabsorb Na+)
156
Pancreatic Juice is alkaline basically by the presence of:
Bicarbonate
157
The pancreas is both an exocrine and an endocrine gland.
True
158
In which part of the small intestine does most of the chemical digestion occur?
Duodenum
159
The Bilirubin causes emulsification of fats
False
160
The esophageal sphincter separates the stomach and the esophagus.
True
161
Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive system?
Liver
162
The movement of digested food from the digestive system to the circulatory system is called:
Absorption
163
The bile is produced by the Gallbladder
False
164
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two urethras, one bladder, and one ureter.
False
165
The Pancreatic Juice is basically composed by _____________
Water, Electrolytes, amylase, lipase, proteases and bicarbonate
166
The cortex of the kidney is the:
Outer part of the kidney
167
The kidney pyramids are
The triangular divisions of the medulla
168
Ureters are tubes connecting the kidney and the urinary bladder.
True
169
The upper gastro-intestinal tract is composed by the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum and jejunum
False
170
The liver produces bile?
True
171
Which of the following is not a function of the liver?
Secretes cholecystokinin (CCK)
172
Erythropoietin stimulates red bone marrow to produce red blood cells.
True
173
The functions of the Aldosterone is to reabsorb____ through the ______
Na+. Kidneys
174
Is not a function of the kidneys
Produce white cells
175
This structure is located between the pylorus and the jejunum.
Duodenum
176
The function of the amylase is to digest:
Carbohydrates
177
The functional unit of the kidney is
Nephron
178
