Olympics - Digestive & Urinary Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
What is the sphincter that allows food to enter the stomach from the esophagus?
A
Lower esophageal sphincter
2
Q
ADH…
A
stimulates the collecting duct to reabsorb water
3
Q
An antiacid drug exerts its effect in the…
A
STOMACH
4
Q
Which of the following produces amino acids as it end-product of digestion?
A
Trypsin
5
Q
Which of the following is false with regard to normal urine?
A
Normal urine has E. Coli as part of its normal flora
6
Q
Which statement is true?
A
Trypsin is secreted by the liver
7
Q
The mesentery, mesocolon and omentum are…
A
peritoneal membranes
8
Q
What is the chief organ of drug detoxification?
A
Liver
9
Q
Relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi allows…
A
bile to enter the duodenum from the common bile duct
10
Q
Lipase, proteases and amylase are…
A
digestive enzymes
11
Q
What condition is most likely to be caused by pyloric stenosis?
A
Projectile vomitting
12
Q
An elevated serum creatinine level is most indicative of…
A
declining renal function
13
Q
Enamel, dentin, and cementum are related to which structure?
A
Tooth
14
Q
Which of the following is not true of CCK (cholecystokinin)?
A
Classified as lipase
15
Q
Emulsification is most associated with which substance?
A
Bile
16
Q
Aldosterone…
A
is a mineralocorticoid that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium
17
Q
Which of the following is true of aldosterone?
A
It is the “salt-retaining” hormone
18
Q
This organ synthesizes clotting factors, stores vitamins, detoxifies drugs and helps regulate blood glucose levels
A
Liver
19
Q
A patient with stenosis (narrowing) of the renal artery is most likely to present with….
A
hypertension
20
Q
Which condition is associated with proteinuria?
A
Glomerular damage
21
Q
The hepatic flexure, splenic flexure, cecum, and color are all….
A
parts of the large intestine
22
Q
The fundus, body and pylorus are parts of the…
A
stomach
23
Q
A drug that blocks vagal activity…
A
slows GI mobility and reduces GI secretions
24
Q
Which of the following is most related to the microvilli?
A
Absorption
25
Which organ secretes the most potent of the digestive system?
pancreas
26
The urinary meatus is a part of the...
urethra
27
What part of the nephron unit filters 180 L of water per day?
Glomeruli
28
Obstruction of the common bile duct causes....
jaundice
29
Which regard to reabsorption, which structure plays the most important role?
Peritubular capillaries
30
In the process of secretion, a substance moves form the peritubular capillaries into what structure?
Renal tubules
31
The structure is located between the lower esophageal sphincter and pyloric sphincter.
Stomach
32
Which of the following is true?
Amylases digest carbohydrates
33
A sever decline in blood pressure is most apt to induce...
oliguria
34
Which of the following is true of the following: pepsin, trypsin, amylase and lipase all are?
digestive enzymes
35
Which of the following is not true of ADH?
causes the renal excretion of sodium, potassium and water
36
The detrusor muscle is located in the....
urinary bladder
37
A paralytic ileus is caused by a cessation of...
peristalsis
38
Which organs produces bile and secretes it into the hepatic ducts?
Liver
39
When the arterial blood pressure declines to 70/40 mm Hg...
GFR decreases
40
The word "voiding" refers to...
micturition
41
The renal excretion of Na+ is generally accompanied by the excretion of...
water
42
Most digestion and absorption takes place within the...
duodenum and part of the jejunum
43
Cellulose
is dietary fiber that cannot be digested by humans
44
The common bile duct...
empties bile into the duodenum
45
Which of the following is a hormone?
cholecystokinin
46
Which of the following describes gastric function?
All of the above
47
Which of the following is correct?
One urethra
48
Chyle is found in the
lacteals
49
Paralytic ileus is the...
slowing or cessation of GI motility
50
The role of HCI in digestion is...
to unravel proteins so that they can be digested by proteases
51
Which structure contains the villi, microvilli, and brush border cells?
duodenum
52
The ampulla of Vater and the sphincter of Oddi are located between the common bile duct and what structure?
Duodenum
53
The sigmoid is part of the...
Colon
54
What is urine-making structure of the kidney?
Nephron unit
55
Renin activates...
angiotensinogen
56
Which condition is characterized by hematuria and pyuria?
Cystitis
57
Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system...
expands blood volume
58
The hepatic portal system delivers...
end-products of digestion from the GI tract to the liver via blood
59
Pain in the RLQ is most characteristic of...
appendicitis
60
Which of the following is caused by portal hypertension?
Esophageal varices
61
Which of the following terms refers to the voluntary expulsion of urine?
Micturition
62
The wall of which structure secretes the disaccharidases?
Duodenum
63
What is the most important nerve of the digestive tract?
Vagus
64
Most angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II primarily in the...
lungs
65
Which group is incorrect?
Small intestine: duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum
66
Which condition is associated with the bse of the esophagus, fundus of the stomach and diaphragm?
Hiatal hernia
67
Which of the following is most likely to cause polyuria?
deficiency of ADH
68
Which of the following is found in the kidney?
Nephron Units
69
the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) secretes...
renin
70
The renal cortex descends between the pyramids as the...
renal columns
71
Low levels of oxygen stimulates the kidneys to secrete which hormone?
Erythropoietin
72
What is the tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach?
esophagus
73
Chemical digestion of protein begins in the _________ and is completed in the _________.
Stomach, small intestine
74
The renal capsule...
surrounds the kidneys
75
Which of the following does not directly connect to the duodenum?
Cecum
76
The urinary bladder....
causes micturition when the detrusor muscle contacts and the internal sphincter relaxes
77
Which of the following is caused by prolonged hypotension?
Oliguria
78
Which of the following is true of the appendix?
it it located in the RLQ
79
The pyloric sphincter is located between the duodenum and what structure?
Stomach
80
Which structure is located between the common bile duct and the duodenum?
Sphincter of Oddi
81
Kaliuresis refers to the renal excretion of...
potassium
82
The pancreas....
Secretes the most potent digestive enzymes
is only important because of its exocrine function
83
What is the major artery that supplies the kidneys?
Renal
84
Amylase...
digests carbohydrates
85
Cystitis refers to inflammation of the...
urinary bladder
86
The detrusor muscle is concerned with...
micturition
87
Which structure is located between the cecum and the transverse colon?
Ascending colon
88
The cecum is part of the...
large intestine
89
The common bile duct...
empties directly into the duodenum
90
Which of the following is not true of bile?
it is secreted by the liver lobules into the hepatic portal system
91
The cystic duct, common bile duct, and the hepatic ducts...
are parts of the biliary tree
92
What is the site of absorption for most end-products of digestion?
duodenum and jejunum
93
Which of the following structures allows the stomach to expand?
Rugae
94
Which of the following best describes why food moves through the digestive system from mouth toward the anus?
Peristalsis
95
Peristalsis...
caused by contraction of smooth muscle
96
Which of the following is true of urea?
is an excretable form of nitrogen
97
A drug is classified as a diuretic. Most likely, the drug...
blocks the tubular reabsorption of Na+
98
The elimination of gas that is produced during digestion and released from the anus is called
flatulence
99
The vagus nerve...
speeds up gut motility and secretion
100
Which structure is located between the renal pelvis and the urinary bladder?
Ureters
101
The sphincter of Oddi, ampulla of Vater and cystic duct...
are biliary structures
102
Glucose is not normally excreted in the urine because...
all filtered glucose is reabsorbed
103
The duodenum...
is the site where most digestion and absorption occur
104
Which of the following is true of aldosterone?
Stimulates the distal tubule to reabsorb Na+
105
The appendix...
can rupture and cause peritonitis
106
Which flap of tissue prevents food and water from entering the respitory passages?
Epiglottis
107
Which substance is filtered by the glomerulus and is excreted in the urine (there is minimal reabsorption)?
Creatinine
108
A deficiency of aldosterone causes a decrease in the tubular reabsorption of water of sodium and water, causing a significant decrease in blood volume and...
hypotension
109
Which of the following does not communicated with the common bile duct?
Portal vein
110
The cecum, colon, and rectum are parts of which structure?
Large intestine
111
Hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor and gastrin are...
secreted by the stomach
112
Which of the following is most likely to esophageal reflux?
Pyrosis
113
Which structure prevents gastric reflux?
lower esophageal sphincter
114
Which of the following is true of the salivary glands?
Include the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands
115
The stomach...
delivers chyme to the duodenum
116
Bile is not found in which structure?
Pancreas
117
Which of the following words best describes the function of the urinary bladder?
Storage
118
The urinary tract is lined with
mucous membrane
119
This organ secretes most of the plasma proteins, including albumin and many of the clotting factors.
Liver
120
what vascular structure is found between the afferent and efferent arterioles?
Glomerulus
121
Fat digestion is accomplished by...
Bile and lipase
122
This structure is located between the pylorus and the jejunum
Duodenum
123
The gallbladder...
contracts in response to cholecystokinin
124
Which drug action increases gut motility and is therefore used in the treatment of paralytic ileus?
Activated muscarinic receptors
