FINAL REVIEW QUESTIONS Flashcards by Chelsea Laforteza

What color is a sign or jaundice?

Yellow

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How many chromosomes does spermatozoid have?

23 Chromosomes

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What are the layers of the muscles?

Most inner: Endomysium
Middle: Perimysium
Outer: Epimysium

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Who produces amylase?

Pancreas and salivary gland

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Pancreas - Endocrine & Exocrine

Pancreas :
-Exocrine: Secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum.
-Endocrine: It functions mostly to regulate blood sugar levels, secreting the hormones insulin, glucagon, somatonstatin and pancreatic polypeptide

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What are immunoglobins?

Antibodies

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Functions of immunoglobins?

“Markers of Destruction” Plasmatic cells, B cells

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Main function of bile

EMUSIFICATION (digestion of fat with bile acid)

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Who produce CCK?

Duodenum to secrete pancreatic juice and bile

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What is Arterial Sclerosis?

Hardening of Arteries due to collagen

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What is Atheroid Sclerosis?

Hardening of Vessels (aging process)

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Is hydrogen Alkaline or Acid?

ACID

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Opposite of hydrogen?

Bicarbinate

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What is it called when there is bleeding of the upper GI tract?

MELINA

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Rapid heart beat medical terminology

Tachycardia

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What is palpation?

Feeling/symptom: tachycardia and bradycardia can both cause palpation

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What is Bradypnea?

Slow breathing

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Calcitonin

Hormone that decreases calcium in blood

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Parathyroid

Increases calcium in blood/opposes calcitonin

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What are cathecolamines?

Adrenaline/Noradrenaline, Epinephrine/norepinephrine. Secreted from the Adrenal gland (kidney) in the medulla

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What is Dysuria?

Hard time urinating. Painful urination

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Hemolysis

destruction of red blood cells

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What part of the small intestine has the most chemical digestion?

Duodenum

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What is the importance of Alpha Cells & Beta Cells in the Pancreatic Islets of Langerhands?

Alpha cells produce the hormone glucagon, which raises blood glucose levels.
Beta cells produce the hormone insulin, which lowers blood glucose levels.

Human islets are made up of 30% alpha cells & 60% beta cells.

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Cell Membrane = Passive, Active, Facilitate Diffusion examples

Passive: Gas Exchange Active: Facilitate diffusion: absorption

Target hormones:

GPITAL-F

Megaloblastic

Large cell

Nephrons

Located in the Cortex of the kidney

Kidney functions:

F-filtration R-reabsorption E-excretion S-secretion H-hormones R-renin E-erythropoietin D-Vitamin D activation

Prolactin

Production of milk

Sclerosis meaning:

harden

Where is sperm produced?

Seminiferous Tubules

What do leydig cells do?

Increase testosterone

Where is Aldosterone released?

Adrenal gland in the Cortex.

Another word for the Pituitary gland

Master Gland, Hypophasis

Where is the aqueous humor located?

Anterior and posterior chamber of the eye

How many cranial bones?

8 - 1 frontal bone, 1 Occipital bone, 2 parietal bones, 1 ethmoid bone, 2 temporal bones, 1 sphenoid bone

Where is the spinal fluid produced?

Choroid plexus

What is the membrane surrounding the brain?

Meningis

What bone is the cheek bone?

Zygomatic

Where is the cornea?

Anterior portion of the eye (sclera continuation)

What does the corpus luteum produce?

Progesterone

Outter portion of the kidney

Cortex

Division of Diencephalon?

The diencephalon is divided into: Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus Subthalamus

Action of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)?

Ovulation

What gland secretes Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)?

Anterior Pituitary Gland

What is the name of the end of the long bone?

epiphysis

Eustachian tube connects...

the middle ear to the nasopharynx (the upper throat and the back of the nasal cavity).

Medical terminology for gallbladder inflammation is

Cholecystisis

Largest salivary gland

Parotoid

What structure moves blood from into the left atrium?

Pulmonary Veins

Normal Lab Values:

blood pH: 7.35-7.45 Magnesium (Mg++) : 1.5-2.5 Calcium (Ca++) : 8.5-10.5 Chloride (CI-) : 95-104 Sodium (Na+) : 135-145 Carbon Dioxide (CO2): 35-45 Potassium (K+) : 3.5-5.1 Bicarbonate (HCO3-) : 22-26

White matter

Myelin

Thyroid Gland releases what hormones?

T3, T4, Calcitonin

Parathyroid Gland releases

PTH, opposes calcitonin

Which side of the heart is oxygenated and deoxygenated?

Right side - Deoxygenated blood Left side - Oxygenated blood

What is the lining of the respiratory tract?

Mucous membranes serves as protection for the respiratory tract trapping bacteria from airwway, mucus helps delay invasion.

Paranasal Sinuses (Sinuses)

Decreases the weight of the cranium

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Nephrons - Glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, Distal, Collecting ducts- Medulla

Respiratory muscles:

Diaphragm: Inspiration Intercostal muscles: Expiration

Renal Corpuscle:

blood filtering component of the nephron of the kidney. It consists of a glomerulus - a tuft of capillaries composed of endothelial cells, and a glomerular capsule known as Bowman's capsule.

GI functions:

- Ingestion - Digestion -Absorption -Excretion

Formula for blood pressure

B/P=Cardiac Output x Peripheral Resistance

Formula for Cardiac Output

C/O=Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

Who stores the bile?

Gall Bladder

Can Hemoglobin be used as a buffer?

Yes,, substance prevents variations of pH

Functions of the spinal fluid

Protection for the brain, nourishment and waste removal

Liver function:

A-albumin B-bile C-coagulation D-detoxification

ABG's ROME

Respiratory Alkalosis means

pH is high

Types of Muscle tissues

Cardiac Smooth muscle - 1 nucleus Striated - Multiple nucleus

How many ribs

12 pairs 7 - true 3 - false 2 - floating

What part of the heart has thicker walls?

Ventricles

When is Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH) released?

When you are thirsty?

Tidal Volume

Total volume of inhale and exhale

What is the name is the white part of the eye?

Sclera

What is part of the respiratory tract?

Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx

What is part of the lower respiratory tract?

Trachea, bronchi, lungs

What is part of the upper GI tract?

Oropharynx to the duodenum

Divisions of the nervous system

Central- Brain & spine Peripheral- Voluntary(ACH) Involuntary- Sympathetic(fight/flight) & parasympathetic(rest/digest)

Kidneys: Renal pelvis drains into

ureters

Which layer of the uterus is at risk of Fibroids/Leimyoma?

Myometrium

What is the cervix at risk of?

Cervical Cancer, HPV, Human Papilloma Virus

What are gonads?

Testicles , Ovaries

Sex cells are also...

Gametes: Spermatozoid, Ovum

Fertile age

15-44 years old

Monarchy (First menstrual period)

12.7 years old

Menopause

51.2 years old 55 years old (All females menopause)

Last menstrual period

First day of bleeding

Number of menstrual period

525 times

How much blood loss during menstrual period?

50-70 mL

Bleeding lasts

1-7 days

How many ovums are in ovary?

40,000

Proliferative Phase

FSH -> Ovary ->Estrogen ^ # of vessels

what day is ovulation?

Day 14

What day is highest of Estrogens?

Day 12

The more estrogen...

The thicker Endometrium gets

What happens in the first two weeks of ovulation?

First week: -Proliferation -Estrogens -High # of vessles Second week: -Secretory -Progesterone -High deposit of glycogen

Fertilization happens in the...

Fallopian tube **AMPULLA**

What is fertilization?

Fusion of Gametes Fecundation Conception

Implantation happens on which day

Day 6

The end of the ovary (finger like ends)

Fimbrae

Sections of the uterus:

3 layers: -Inner:Endometrium -Middle:Myometrium -Outer:Perimetrium 3 regions: -Fundus (top) -Body (middle) -Cervix (neck of uterus)

Adnexa

(Adnexitis)

Fallopian Tubes risk

Salpingitis

Ovaries risk

Oophroritis

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease risk

Infertility

Haploid is...

Spermatozoid/Ovum

Diploid

Fertilized egg (Zygote)

Zygote releases what hormone?

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Hormone (hCG)

What is semen made up of?

Sperm + Seminal Vesicle Fluid + Prostatic fluid

Where does spermatid mature?

Epididymis

LH what and controls what?

Luteinizing hormone controls the production of testosterone by Leydig cells. Leydig cells are endocrine cells located in the interstitium of the testis

FINAL REVIEW QUESTIONS Flashcards

(113 cards)