Final - Public Health Flashcards
(39 cards)
What does the government do?
The purpose of the state is to protect the health, safety, morals, and general welfare of the community
What does the US Constitution do?
It describes the limits within which US governments must stay in protecting the population
What are Police powers?
a common law principle that the purpose of the state is to protect the health, safety, morals, and general welfare of the community ex: vaccination, access to polluted areas, flouridization, health care licensure
What is the mission of public health?
Mission: to fulfill society’s interest in assuring conditions in which people can be healthy.
The U.S. public health system is distinct from other parts of the health care system in two key respects:
Its primary emphasis is preventing disease, injury and disability
It focuses on population health rather than individual health
Key concepts of defining public health: (What, who, where, how)
- What = preventing disease, prolonging life, promoting health, protection and improvement of community health
- Who = groups of people/ society/ community/ population and then to a lesser extent individuals
- Where = small communities to entire countries
- How = organized efforts, informed choice, sanitation and social work, prevention
A measure of the frequency with which an event, such as a new case of illness, occurs in a population over a period of time.
Incidence
The number or proportion of cases or events or conditions in a given population.
Prevalence
Ratio of number of deaths (numerator) to number in population (denominator).
Mortality rate
Ratio of number of deaths in a specific group (numerator) to population in the specific group (denominator).
Adjusted mortality rate
The 10 essential public health services
- Monitor health status to identify community health problems
- Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community
- Inform, education, and empower people about health issues
- Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve problems
- Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts
- Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
- Link people to needed personal health services and ensure provision of health care when it is otherwise unavailable
- Assure a competent public and personal health care workforce
- Evaluate the effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population based health
- Research new insights and innovative solutions to health problems
a process or record of research in which detailed consideration is given to the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time.
case study
Any study that is not truly experimental (no intervention)
descriptive study
A comparative study designed to reach causal inferences about hypothesised relationships between risk factors and outcome.
Analytical study
is a type of evaluation that seeks to determine whether a program or intervention had the intended causal effect on program participants.
experimental study
process for getting permission before conducting a healthcare intervention on a person. A health care provider may ask a patient to consent to receive therapy before providing it, or a clinical researcher may ask a research participant before enrolling that person into a clinical trial.
informed consent
RUSP
recommended uniform screening panel
Core conditions screened for in the RUSP include
9 organic acid conditions, 5 fatty acid disorders, 6 amino acid disorders, 2 endocrine disorders, 7 other disorders
To be included as a core condition in a new born screening program, a condition should meet the following criteria
can be identified at a period of time (between 24 and 48 hours after birth) at which it would not ordinarily be clinically detected. A test with appropriate sensitivity and specificity is available. There are demonstrated benefits of early detection, timely intervention, and efficacious treatment
making it possible to screen for a disorder before effective treatments are available
therapeutic gap
Proprionic academia
cannot process 4 amino acids found in all foods that contain protein
sickle cell anemia
abnormal hemoglobin forms strands that cause RBC cells to develop a sickle or crescent shape.
Tyrosinemia
deficiency of one of the enzymes required for the multistep process that breaks down tyrosine
2 x2 table
Disease No disease
Test + A true positive B false positive
Test - C false Negative D true negative
