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Microbiology 2 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

protein shell that may be icosahedral or helical in shape

A

capsid

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2
Q

Enclosed within the capsid

A

genetic material: either DNA or RNA, single or double stranded

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3
Q

What are 5 cellular outcomes of viral infections?

A

abortive, lytic, chronic (non-lytic), latent, transformation

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4
Q

Which of the 5 cellular outcomes of viral infections is defined as no progeny viruses are produced?

A

Abortive

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5
Q

Which of the 5 cellular outcomes of viral infections is defined as usually an acute process where viral progeny are released by death of the cell

A

lytic

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6
Q

Which of the 5 cellular outcomes of viral infections is defined as infected cells slowly release viral progeny, without cell death

A

chronic, non-lytic

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7
Q

Which of the 5 cellular outcomes of viral infections is defined as virus genome usually become integrated into the cell DNA, where it becomes dormant for various times. The viruses may “reawaken” at anytime and begin to produce progeny, and then become quiescent again.

A

Latent

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8
Q

Which of the 5 cellular outcomes of viral infections is defined as the virus causes the cell to proliferate in an uncontrolled manner

A

transformation

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9
Q

message that says, “make 1000 copies of this message and 1000 capsids and place the message into the capsid”

A

genome

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10
Q

protein bottle that contains the genome

A

capsid

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11
Q

What are the 4 major types of viral genomes that viruses might have

A

dsDNA, ssDNA, dsRNA, ssRNA

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12
Q

Which type of viral genome has the highest mutation rate

A

ssRNA- doesn’t have the repair enzyme of DNA or the second strand to double check

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13
Q

What are 4 basic morphologies of viruses?

A

Naked icosahedral, naked helical, enveloped helical, enveloped icosahedral

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14
Q

What must viruses produce in order to replicate their protein components?

A

positive stranded mRNA

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15
Q

What are 4 functions of sIgA?

A

sticks to mucins, resistant to proteases, neutralizes viruses/toxins, block colonization of microbes

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16
Q

What is cleaved to form the secretory portion of sIgA

A

Fc receptor

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17
Q

… cells process and present Ag on class … … molecules

A

M-cells; II HLA

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18
Q

(salk/sabin) non infectious

A

salk

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19
Q

(salk/sabin) infectious

A

sabin

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20
Q

(salk/sabin) induces great sIgA protection (and good IgG)

A

sabin

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21
Q

(salk/sabin) induces great IgG protection

A

salk

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22
Q

(salk/sabin) injected

A

salk

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23
Q

(salk/sabin) ingested

A

sabin

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24
Q

What class of virus is polio?

25
polio (enveloped/nonenveloped)
nonenveloped
26
How is polio spread
fecal-oral
27
What class of virus is influenza?
(-)ssRNA
28
What must influenza have?
functional RNA-dependent, RNA polymerase
29
How is the influenza genome unique?
Segmented, found in 8 different pieces associated with 8 separate nucleocapsids within each viral particle.
30
What are the 2 spike proteins on influenza?
Neuraminidase (N protein), hemagglutinin (H protein)
31
where does influenza replicate in the cell?
In the nucleus
32
Process in which two or more strains of a virus, while infecting the same cell, swap genetic material to form a new viral strain that combines the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of both.
Antigenic shift
33
Antigenic shift leads to (pandemic/epidemic)
pandemic
34
Point mutations in either of the two spike proteins (H or N) are called
antigenic drift
35
What does antigenic shift require? (2)
segmented genome, more than one host species.
36
Antigenic drift leads to (pandemic/epidemic)
epidemics
37
What do influenza viruses agglutinate?
RBCs
38
What does influenza bind to on RBCs?
siliac acid
39
Test for influenza
Hemaglutination inhibition assay
40
Which Hep virus(es) are DNA?
Hep B
41
Which Hep virus(es) are +ssRNA?
A, C, E
42
Herpes virus is assembled where?
-Virus completely assembled in nucleus
43
RNA picornavirus
Hep A
44
DNA Hepadnaviridae
Hep B
45
What are the two major diseases caused by EBV?
Infectious mononucleosis | Burkitt's lymphoma
46
EBV is the first human virus to be assoc with...
Malignancy
47
The notes give five human viruses/virus groups that give rise to cancer in humans.
1. EBV: Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma 2. Kaposi's sarcoma virus: Kaposi's sarcoma 3. HepB/C: liver cancer 4. HTLV-1: T cell leukemia 5. HPV: cervical, penile, oral/throat cancer
48
For which hepatitis viruses can a vaccine confer immunity?
HAV, Hep A vaccine. | HBV and HDV, both via HepB vaccine.
49
Which hepatitis viruses are transmitted fecal-oral? What does this tell us about their structure?
HAV, HEV | They are more stable, therefore non-enveloped.
50
Which hepatitis viruses must be transmitted through exchange of body fluids? What does this tell us about their structure?
HBV, HCV, HDV | They are less stable, therefore enveloped.
51
Which hepatitis viruses can cause chronic infection?
HBV, HCV, HDV
52
Which viruses are +ssRNA (4)
Polio, Hep A, Hep C, Hep E
53
Which viruses are -ssRNA (2)
Influenza, Hep D
54
Which viruses are dsDNA (2)
Herpes, Hep B
55
Which viruses are enveloped?
Influenza, Herpes, Hep B, Hep C, Hep D
56
Which viruses are non enveloped?
Polio, Hep A, Hep E
57
Which viruses are transmitted fecal-oral?
Polio, Hep A, Hep E
58
which hep virus is (-)ssRNA?
Hep D
59
With liver enzymes, Abs to what 3 proteins are Dx for Hep B?
HBcAg, HBeAg, HBsAg

Microbiology 2 (3 decks)

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