final review

Question 1

describe the structure of the atom

Answer 1

nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons arranged in shells

Question 2

state the chemical name and formula of salts found in sea water

Answer 2

including sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3)

Question 3

define the term salinity

Answer 3

the concentration of dissolved salts in sea water (note that the unit for salinity used in this syllabus is parts per thousand (ppt))

Question 4

describe the pH scale

Answer 4

measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in water, including the terms acidic, neutral and alkaline

Question 5

state that oxygen has a low solubility in water

Answer 5

….oxygen has a low solubility in water

Question 6

state that the density of ice….

Answer 6

is lower than sea water, causing ice to float

Question 7

identify and describe the three types of plate boundary

Answer 7

convergent, divergent and transform

Question 8

state that the water coming from hydrothermal vents is…..

Answer 8

under pressure, hot and rich in dissolved nutrients and that this forms the hydrothermal vent plume

Question 9

describe the three main types of weathering

Answer 9

chemical, physical

and organic

Question 10

state examples of the littoral zone

Answer 10

rocky shores, sandy shores, muddy shores, estuaries and deltas

Question 11

describe the four main types of erosion

Answer 11

ice, water, wind and gravity

Question 12

nutrient is a generic term for

Answer 12

substances that are required by an organism for growth, repair, energy or normal metabolism

Question 13

state the chemical elements that make up carbohydrates, lipids and proteins

Answer 13

Carbs: CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)
Lipids: CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)
Protiens: CHONS (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur)

Question 14

some nutrients supply organisms with a source of essential elements

Answer 14

nitrogen: proteins and DNA

carbon: organic compounds

magnesium: chlorophyll

calcium: bones, shells and coral skeletons

phosphorus: DNA and bones

Question 15

describe the classification of species

Answer 15

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species

Question 16

define plankton

Answer 16

diverse collection of generally microscopic organisms that have limited motility and drift in water currents

Question 17

state the main features of a typical adult echinoderm

Answer 17

pentaradial symmetry and tube feet

Question 18

state the main features of a typical adult crustacean

Answer 18

carapace, segmented abdomen, jointed legs and two pairs of antennae

Question 19

state the main features of a typical macroalga

Answer 19

such as kelp, including holdfast, stipe, gas bladders and blades

Question 20

state the main features of a typical marine plant

Answer 20

seagrass, including rhizome, roots, flowers and leaves

Question 21

explain that biodiversity can be considered at three different levels:

Answer 21

genetic diversity

species diversity

ecological diversity

Question 22

explain the importance of oceans and their interaction with the atmosphere

Answer 22

as carbon sinks

as sources of oxygen

in temperature buffering

in global climate control

Question 23

describe the structure of a typical coral polyp

Answer 23

tentacle, nematocyst, mouth, stomach, calyx, theca and basal plate,

Question 24

describe the sandy shore

Answer 24

ecosystem with an unstable, shifting substrate that is porous