Final Review Flashcards by Lindsay Kirkpatrick

_____ research links non-musculoskeletal (visceral) effects with spinal joint dysfunction
a. Lantz
b. Denslows
c. Korrs
d. Illis

Korrs

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All of the following are the same condition EXCEPT
a. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
b. Complex regional pain syndrome
c. Reflexalgia
d. Causalgia

Reflexalgia

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___ refers to complete transection of the nerve where recovery is unlikely without surgical nerve repair
a. Nerve irritation
b. Neurotemesis
c. Neuropraxia
d. Axonotemesis

Neurotemesis

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Axoplasmic transport that moves substances towards the cell body _____
a. Bidirectional axoplasmic transport
b. Central axoplasmic transport
c. Anterograde axoplasmic transport
d. Retrograde axoplasmic transport

Retrograde axoplasmic transport

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Which of the following is correct regarding the effects of immobilization degeneration on the nucleus pulposis of the IVD
a. Decrease in osteophyte formation
b. Increase in waste removal from the disc
c. Loss of fluid exchange through the endplates
d. Increase in disc height

Loss of fluid exchange through the endplates

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The _____ assumes that the pain/disability is a complex physical and subjective phenomenon that consists of a host of factors
a. Vitalism
b. Biopsychosocial model of pain
c. Therapeutic conservatism
d. Neurodystrophic hypothesis

Biosychsocial model of pain

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Which of the following refers to pain resulting from stimuli that are normally painless
a. Nociception
b. Allodynia
c. Hypoalgesia
d. Hyperalgesia

Allodynia

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Spinal joint lesions that may trigger facilitation induced reflexes that impair or disturb visceral function describes which hypothesis
a. Viscerosomatic
b. Somatovisceral
c. Neurosomatic
d. Somatosomatic

Somatovisceral

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The ___ model of patient care places the patient first and acknowledges that people with similar presentations may not need the same treatment
a. Medical
b. Traditional
c. Biopsychosocial
d. Disease

Biopsychosocial

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Increased excitability of nociceptive neurons in the CNS
a. Deafferentation
b. Central sensitization
c. Peripheral sensitization
d. Subluxation

central sensitization

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Vascular compression can lead to which of the following (select all that apply)
a. Increase waste removal
b. Swelling and increased pressure
c. Venous congestion
d. Microvalvular or focal ischemia

B, C, D

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The 3 stages of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) include?
a. Dysafferrentiation
b. Dystrophic
c. Acute
d. Atrophic

Dystrophic
Acute
Atrophic

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Which of the following is responsible for venous drainage of the spine?
a. Segmental arteries
b. Crenlins plexus
c. Carotid plexus
d. Baston’s plexus

Baston’s plexus

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According to Crenlins research the nerve roots occupy at most _____ of the foraminal space
a. 75%
b. 60%
c. 50%
d. 30%

50%

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Vitalism refers to
a. Humans are a collection of separate parts
b. Autonomy and dignity
c. First do no harm
d. The healing power of nature

The healing power of nature

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_____ is a state of optimal well being including spiritual, physical, mental, emotional and environmental
a. Vis medicatrix nature
b. Innate
c. Sympatheticotonia
d. Health

Health

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A segmental joint dysfunction having a reflexive sympathetic effect on the digestive function would be an example of which type of reflex
a. Viscerosomatic
b. Viscerautonome
c. Somatovisceral
d. Somatosomatic

Somatovisceral

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____ is a localized conduction block with intact axons, usually resulting a contusion injury
a. Neurotemesis
b. Neuropraxia
c. Axonotemesis
d. Nerve irritation

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Neuropraxia

Which of the following is defined as an “imbalance in afferents input such that there is an increase in nociceptor input and a decrease in mechanoreceptor input
a. Nociception
b. Afferentiation
c. Deafferentiation
d. Dysafferentation

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Dysafferentation

All of the following except ____ are thought to be to contribute to the sensitization of local nociceptors
a. Lipase
b. Histamine
c. Substance P
d. Bradykinin

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Lipase

The transport of proteins, glycoproteins, and neurotransmitters may be altered in cases in which the spinal roots or nerves are compressed or irritated by subluxation or facilitation. Which hypothesis is this associated with
a. Neurodystrophic hypothesis
b. Axoplasmic aberration hypothesis
c. Somatovisceral hypothesis
d. Vascular compression hypothesis

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Axoplasmic aberration hypothesis

Restoring motion to a motion segment could have a direct influence on the intrinsic vascular system by: Choose all that apply
a. Restoration of normal vascular function
b. Increasing venous stasis
c. Removing mechanical compression on vessels
d. Clearing out inflammatory exudates

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Restoration of normal vascular function
Removing mechanical compression on vessels
Clearing out inflammatory exudates

___ can result from a crushing injury in which the axon is severed, but the endoneurium remains intact
a. Neurotemesis
b. Axonotemesis
c. Nerve irritation
d. Neuropraxia

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Axonotemesis

Which of the following are stages in the general adaptation syndrome?
a. Resistance
b. Acute
c. Exhaustion
d. Dystrophic

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Resistance
Exhaustion

Which of the following looks at a patient as a whole rather than as a collection of separate parts? a. Reactive model b. Vitalism c. Innate model d. Holism

Holism

Changes to cartilage during immobilization include which of the following? a. Decrease in proteoglycans b. Thickening of the cartilage c. Increase in water content d. Fibro-fatty consolidation

Decrease in proteoglycans

Which of the following is characterized by stabilization and immobilization? a. VSC phase 3 b. VSC phase 1 c. VSC phase 2 d. VSC phase 4

VSC phase 3

Radicular symptoms can be produced by which of the following? Select all that apply. a. Vascular insufficiency b. Radiculitis c. Disc herniation d. Edema

Radiculitis Disc herniation Edema

The general adaptation syndrome is associated with a. Korr b. Crenlin c. Seyle d. Palmer

Seyle

Which of the following is NOT correct about the changes to synovial fluid during immobilization a. Strands of fibrin precipitate b. Precipitate can become a matric for adhesions c. Undergoes fibrofatty consolidation d. Decreases in viscosity

Decreases in viscosity

Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is associated with fatigue, anxiety, and depression a. Acute b. Resistance c. Exhaustion d. Atrophic

Exhaustion

Partial or total fixation or immobilization of the spinal joints especially when combined with trauma, commonly promotes pro-inflammatory changes cartilage and disc destruction, and osteophytic and architectural changes a. Neurodystrophic model b. Segmental dysfunction c. Immobilization degeneration d. Neural compression model

Immobilization degeneration

Proposed that nerve irritation causes hyperfunction and pain while nerve compression reduces nerve energy a. BJ palmer b. Crenin c. DD Palmer d. Hadley

DD palmer

Intervertebral subluxations may interfere with the normal nerve transmission of nerve energy i.e. action potential, and other associated neural phenomenon by irritating or compressing the spinal nerve roots. a. Neuroimmune Hypothesis b. Neuropathology Hypothesis c. Neurodystrophic Hypothesis d. Neuroinnate Hypothesis

Neuropathology hypothesis

____ is/ are associated with elements important to nerves growth (trophic factor) a. Anterograde axonal transport b. Retrograde axonal transport c. Somatovisceral reflexes d. Somatosomatic reflexes

Anterograde axonal transport

polymodal nociceptors can be activated by which types of stimulation? a. Mechanical b. Thermal c. Chemical d. All of the above

*All of the above* Medanical Thermal Chemical

The initial fiber that is damaged in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is/are: a. C fibers b. Type 1 fibers c. A fibers d. Type 2 fibers

C fibers

Spinal joint tensions may through largely sympathetically mediated influences, modify specific, and nonspecific immune responses and alter trophic functions of the involved nerves a. Neuropathology Hypothesia b. Axonal Aberration Hypothesis c. Neurodystrophic Hypothesis d. Immobilization Degeneration

Neurodystrophic Hypothesis

Which of the following following is NOT true about patient centered care a. Procedures are tailored to the patient b. The doctor patient relationship is intertwined with the procedures c. The patient takes a passive role d. The patient needs guide during the encounter

The patient takes a passive role

Which of the following is not associated with disease model of patient care a. Proactive b. Symptom based c. Mechanistic d. Reactive

proactive

____ was one of the first to use the term Immobilization Degeneration to describe the process

Lantz

TRUE or FALSE: Peripheral nerves are more predisposed to irritation or compression than nerve roots

FALSE

TRUE or FALSE: Larger fibers are more susceptible to compression than smaller fibers of the same type

TRUE

Final Review Flashcards

(43 cards)