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Final Review Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the religion which is more of a philosophy, emphasizing the traditions of the past. Its founder taught that harmony and order in society would result from the maintenance of proper relationships. The biblical philosophy of “The Golden Rule” is a summary of this unbiblical religion.

A

Confucianism

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2
Q

What is the Indian Religion that has no formal statement of doctrine, but a book of hymns called the Vedas. The follower of this religion believes he goes through a cycle of rebirths from physical life to spiritual unity with the world soul. His life improves or gets worse in each cycle depending on how well he fulfills his dharma (duty) in the previous life.

A

Hinduism

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3
Q

What is originally known as the Byzantine Church, it is an off-shoot of the Roman Catholic Church

A

Eastern Orthodoxy

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4
Q

What is the religion spanning four continents, this religion varies from worshiping ancestors to nature, from practicing demonism to ritual sacrifice, from medicine men to witch doctors, but centers on spiritism, fear, and darkness.

A

Shamanism

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5
Q

What is the Indian religion based on works and moral behavior. The founder of this religion was disillusioned by the sufferings he saw and gave Four Noble Truths of suffering. His followers work for absolute peace and happiness, known as Nirvana, by following the Eightfold Path.

A

Buddhism

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6
Q

What religion is the contrast to religions of works, this Chinese religion emphasizes passiveness. The fundamental teaching says that man finds peace and happiness by living in harmony with nature. This harmony is achieved by living a simple and inactive lifestyle.

A

Taoism

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7
Q

What religion was begun in the 600’s on the Arabian Peninsula. Its founder, Muhammad, claiming to be God’s final prophet, warned the people against disobedience and judgement that would come from God for their disobedience. This religion has five basic doctrines or pillars; failure to follow these teachings brings the punishment of God.

A

Islam

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8
Q

What religion means the “way of the gods”. This religion has no founder but was a form of nature worship that attributed deity to anything in nature that was awe-inspiring. As this religion developed, it became a cult of national patriotism.

A

Shintoism

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9
Q

What religion has the people of this religion worshiping Jehovah through rigid adherence to ceremonial and legal teachings of the Talmud. They endured persecution and judgement for rejection of their God’s teachings. Today they are scattered throughout the world (Diaspora) as a result of their disobedience.

A

Judaism

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10
Q

What religion has the origins of this religion traced to the Middle East. Prophesied by the Hebrews, the Messiah eventually arrived but was rejected by His own. With His small band of followers, He turned to the Gentiles offering the Father’s gift of salvation through His death and resurrection.

A

Christianity

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11
Q

What is the protest against at the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century?

A

Reformation

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12
Q

What is a certificate according to Catholicism granted pardon from the punishment of sins?

A

indulgence

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13
Q

What is the word for those who protested against the Catholic churches practices and doctrines?

A

Protestant

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14
Q

What word means unlimited and unrestrained power?

A

Absolutism

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15
Q

What word means rulers are only in power because the people allowed them to be?

A

Government by Consent

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16
Q

What word means the belief that kings are appointed by God?

A

Divine Right of Kings

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17
Q

What word means a government where a king or queen is the head of the state but their power is limited by a constitution and parliament?

A

Constitutional Monarchy

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18
Q

What word means the English representative body consisting of 2 houses, the house of Lords and the house of commons, they have the power of the purse?

A

Parliament

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19
Q

What word means control over the money?

A

Power of the Purse

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20
Q

What word means the french representative body composed of clergy, nobility, and townspeople?

A

Estates-General

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21
Q

What word means the palace of Louis the 14th, built 12 miles southwest of paris?

A

Versailles

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22
Q

What word means the period in art history from 1600 to about 1750, having a grand, dynamic,heroic, active,swirling,sensual, and emotional style?

A

Baroque

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23
Q

What word means a movement that emerged in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, characterized by a return to the ideals and styles of ancient Greece and Rome?

A

Classical

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24
Q

What words mean the difference between believing the sun is the center of the earth versus the earth being the center?

A

Heliocentric vs Geocentric

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25
What word means the movement that began in the seventeenth century;dedicated to spiritual renewal?
Pietism
26
What word means the term for the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?
Age of Reason
27
What word means the eighteenth-century intellectual movement that looked to reason as the solution for all of life's problems?
Enlightenment
28
What word means people who mistakenly believed that the right philosophy could solve society's problems and that perfectibility was attainable for both society and man?
Philosophe
29
What is the belief that people would give up their rights for protection and benefits of living in a society Governed by rules and laws?
social contract theory
30
What is the belief in God as the First Cause; denies supernatural prophecy and miracles;teaches that man is born good; regards as the standard for truth?
deism
31
What word means the members of the Protestant Christian denomination that emerged in the 18th century in England; influenced by John Wesley?
Methodists
32
What word means the goal of European nations to ensure that no nation would dominate Europe;involved the formation of alliances?
Balance of Power
33
What word means the political and social order in France before the French Revolution?
Old Regime
34
What word is the French representative body composed of clergy, nobility, and townspeople?
Estates (1st,2nd,3rd)
35
What is the word for the oath of the French Third Estate declaring they would not disband until a written constitution was established?
Tennis Court Oath
36
What's was the rallying cry of the french revolution?
"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
37
What word means the burning of everything that might be of value to the enemy?
scorched earth policy
38
What was the execution weapon used primarily in the French Revolution?
guillotine
39
What was the most destructive and violent phase of the French Revolution?
Reign of Terror
40
What was Napoleon's codification of French laws?
Code Napoleon
41
What was the place of Napoleon's defeat?
Waterloo
42
What is the word for the period following the Napoleonic wars?
Age of Reaction
43
What is the word for someone who opposes social and political change?
reactionary
44
What is the word for a person who wants extreme social or political change?
radical
45
What is the word for the political theory supporting an increase in civil and political freedoms and less government interference with the individual?
liberalism
46
What is the word for someone who wants to promote and preserve traditional values?
conservative
47
What is the meeting of European statesmen at the end of the Napoleonic Wars?
Congress of Vienna
48
What word means "politics of reality", using whatever political means necessary-including force-to advance national goals?
Realpolitik
49
What is the war in which Britain, France,and the Kingdom of Sardinia defeated Russia?
Crimean War
50
What word means a longing for independence and local autonomy?
Nationalism
51
What is the late eighteenyh-century European literary and artistic movement characterized by a reaction against rationalism and an embrace of Idealism and emotions?
Romanticism
52
What word means the improvement of society and manufacturing?
Industrialism
53
What word means a renewed focus on man's capacities?
humanism
54
What word means the belief that a government should maintain a strong military capability and use it to promote the nation?
militarism
55
What word means government ownership of the means of production and the distribution of goods for the presumed welfare of society?
Socialism
56
What is the theory that every social, political, or religious movement springs from a desire by one group of people to take economic advantage of another group; taught that history would naturally progress towards perfection?
Marxism
57
What word means that British socialists that sought to achieve a socialist society without revolution?
Fabianism
58
What is the belief that if the inequities in society could be abolished, man's natural goodness could be perfected?
Utopianism
59
What is the extension of power by one people or country over another country?
Imperialism
60
What is the thought that the colonists had a task to impose civilization on the inhabitants of their colonies?
white man's burden
61
What is the term describing the tense and unstable Balkan region before WWl?
Powder Keg of Europe
62
What is the long, slender airships similar to modern blimps?
zeppelin
63
What is a temporary cessation of fighting?
armistice
64
What is the post-WWl international organization that sought to guarantee international cooperation and to achieve international peace and security?
League of Nations
65
What word means a concession to an aggressor to avoid conflict?
appeasement
66
What word means a political system led by a powerful dictator who typically maintains control by force?
Totalitarianism
67
What word means the totalitarian government characterized by corporate economy, strong nationalism, military dictatorship, and a glorification of the state?
Fascism
68
What is the political and economic theory advocating for a stateless, classless society where the means of production are owned collectively, and resources are distributed based on need?
Communism
69
What word means Nazi Germany's attempt to exterminate the Jews?
Holocaust
70
What is the post-WW2 state of apprehension, hostility, and competition between the Soviet Union and the United States?
Cold War
71
What is the international organization founded in 1945 that seeks to maintain internationally peace and security?
United Nations
72
What is the dividing line between Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe?
Iron Curtains
73
What is the regional military alliance to defend against Soviet Expansion?
NATO
74
What is the cold war theory that once Vietnam fell to communism, then other countries of Asia would fall?
Domino Theory
75
What word means the thawing of tensions?
detente
76
What is the proposed missile defense system initiated by President Ronald Reagan in 1983?
Satellite Defense Initiative
77
What is the non-aligned socialist state that was not part of either the Warsaw Pact or NATO?
Kosovo
78
What is the name of the public square in Beijing, China; site of a deadly confrontation between the Chinese army and a college-aged dissidents in 1989?
Tienanmen Square
79
Who is the turkic ethnic group primarily residing in China that is getting persecuted and sent to concentration camps?
Uighers
80
What is the longing for independence and local autonomy?
Nationalize
81
What is the transfer from public to private ownership and control?
Privatize
82
What is the term for developing countries?
Third World
83
What is the legal segregation of races?
apartheid
84
What is a nonviolent program defying the current rule through strikes, mass demonstrations, and refusal to pay taxes?
passive resistance
85
Who are the individuals who believe in and support the establishment and maintenance of a Jewish state, typically in the Land of Israel, where Jews can live safely and exercise their right to self-determination?
Zionists
86
What is the radical Islamic group recognized as a terrorist organization by the UN; developed during the first intifada as a more radical Islamic counterpart?
Hamas
87
What is the intergovernmental organization that was founded in 1960 by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela in Baghdad, Iraq
OPEC
88
What is the the armed conflict between Iraq and a United Nations-led coalition (primarily the United States, the United Kingdom, and other nations) in 1991?
Gulf war
89
What is the use of indiscriminate violence, or the threat of its use, for political ends; often motivated by militant Islam?
Terrorism
90
What word means the union of European nations for economic advantage?
European Union
91
What is characterized by an international rather than a purely national focus?
Globalization
92
What is a a tax imposed by a government on imports or exports of goods?
Tariff
93
What word means international trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions?
Free Trade
94
What word means a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease over a whole country or the world at a particular time?
Pandemic
95
Who was the German Theologian who initiated the Protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther
96
Who was the major figure in the Protestant Reformation and influenced theology and started Calvinism?
John Calvin
97
Who was the prominent pre-Reformation reformer and a key figure in the development of the Protestant Reformation?
John Wycliffe
98
Who went against Queen Elizabeth in the Spanish Armada?
Philip the 2nd
99
Who started the Reformation in Switzerland
zwingli
100
Who led the Reformation in Switzerland and had opposition to Mary Queen of Scots?
John Knox
101
Who started the Church of England?
Henry the 8th
102
Who ruled England during the Elizabethan Era for 44 years?
Elizabeth the 1st
103
Who built the palace of Versailles and established absolute monarchy in France?
Louis the 14th
104
Who was Louis the 14th second in command who helped establish absolutism?
Richelieu
105
Who was known as the Lord Protector of England?
Oliver Cromwell
106
Who expanded Russian territory but was a cruel tyrant and murders many people even his son?
Ivan the Terrible
107
Who was the Prussian ruler who raised taxes and grew the Prussian army?
Frederick William the 1st
108
Who was the king of Scots who was chosen by Queen Elizabeth to be the king after her death?
James the 1st
109
Who was asked to take the throne after Charles the 1st?
Charles the 2nd
110
Who was invited by parliament to come to England and take the throne?
William and Mary
111
Who was the daughter of Charles the 6th in Austria?
Maria Theresa
112
Who was one of the early Romanov rulers who continued Russia's transformation into a absolute state?
Peter the Great
113
Who was the empress of Russia who was a hardworking and capable ruler and helped Russia seize territory in the Black Sea?
Catherine the Great
114
Who developed the heliocentric theory?
Copernicus
115
Who was the father of modern astronomy?
Galileo
116
Who developed the smallpox vaccine?
Jenner
117
Who developed the laws of gravity and invented the reflecting telescope?
Newton
118
Who was the major contributed to the Encyclopedia?
Diderot
119
Who rejected the doctrine of original sin?
Locke
120
Who believed that England symbolized political freedom and had a great impact on the framers of the US Constitution?
Montesquieu
121
Who was the father of Romanticism and became a influential political writer?
Rousseau
122
Who was the enlightenment writer and historian philosophe?
Voltaire
123
Who was the founder of the Methodists?
Wesley
124
Who was the leader of France at the beginning of the French revolution and him and his wife were killed under the guillotine?
Louis the 16th and wife
125
Who was the leader of the Committee of Public Safety?
Robespierre
126
Who was the French commander who became a ruler of France?
Napoleon
127
Who was the leading figure of the Congress of Vienna?
Metternich
128
Who established the modern nursing profession?
Nightingale
129
Who was the architect of German unification?
Bismark
130
Who was the leader of the Red Shirts?
Garibaldi
131
Who was the man responsible for Italian unification?
Cavour
132
Who started the young Italy movement?
Mazzini
133
Who was the Russian composer during the Romanticism movement?
Techaikovsky
134
Who wrote the Communist Manifesto?
Marx
135
Who was the missionary and explorer of Africa?
Livingstone
136
Who was assassinated that sparked WWl?
Archduke Ferdinand
137
Who was the leader of the central powers?
Kaiser Wilhelm the 2nd
138
Who was the leader of the US when they entered WWl?
Wilson
139
Who had the idea of the New Deal?
F.D Roosevelt
140
Who was the prime minister of Britain during WW2 that led Britain to victory?
Churchill
141
Who was the leader of Russia during the Russ-Japanese war?
Nicholas the 2nd
142
Who seized power of Russia in 1917?
Lenin
143
Who was the leader of the USSR after Lenin?
Stalin
144
Who was the dictator of Italy?
Mussolini
145
Who was the Japanses general?
General Tojo/Hirohito
146
Who was the Dictator of Nazi Germany?
Hitler
147
Who led the free frenchmen movement?
De Gaulle
148
Who was the leader of the USSR after Stalin died?
Khrushchev
149
Who was the communist dictator of Cuba?
Castro
150
Who was the Soviet ruler who led political and economic reforms?
Gorbachev
151
Who was the cruel communist ruler of China who had the Great Leap Forward?
Mao Zedong
152
Who from Britain worked alongside Reagan?
Margaret Thatcher
153
Who was the first black president of South Africa?
Nelson Mandela
154
Who was the leader of the Indian nationalists that used passive resistance?
Mahatma Ghandhi
155
Who is the current ruler of Russia who invaded Ukraine?
Vladimir Putin
156
Who was the German politician?
Angela Merkel
157
Who was the prime minister of the UK known to finish Brexit?
Boris Johnson
158
Who was the Iraqui politician and ruler?
Saddam Hussein
159
Who was the leader of the al-Qaeda Islamic terrorist organization?
Osama bin Laden
160
Who was the secretary general of the UN?
Antonio Guterras
161
What year did Columbus sail the ocean blue?
1492
162
What date was the 95 Theses hung?
October 31st, 1517
163
What year was the Glorious Revolution?
1688
164
What year was the French revolution?
1789
165
What year was the Battle of Waterloo?
1815
166
What year was considered the year of Revolutions?
1848
167
What was the year of German Independence?
1871
168
What were the years of WWl?
1914-1918
169
What were the years of WW2?
1939-1945
170
What were the years of the cold war?
1945-1991
171
What was the date of the twin towers attack?
September 11,2001
172
What was the year of Covid?
2020
173
What was the date that Russia invaded Ukraine?
February 24,2022
174
What is the date that Hamas fired a attack on IsraeL?
October 7,2023

World History Flashcards (16 decks)

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