Final Review Flashcards
(25 cards)
Universal human aspirations
- freedom/liberty
- justice/fairness
- equality
Public health example
The elephant and the handler
Freedom of (for the individual)
- speech
- religion
- movement (travel)
- pursuit of happiness
- etc.
Freedom from (for the community)
- hunger
- disease
- violence
- fear
- pain
- etc.
Features of public health
- social justice perspective
- reducing disparities
- not for profit
- focus on the prevention and health promotion
- tax payer support
- expanding agenda
Personal values and perspectives
Conservative perspective: individual freedom rises as social justice and equality rises
Liberal perspective: social equality and justice is high with more individual freedoms
Core functions of public health
- assess the health status of a community
- develop policies (laws) that promote health in a community
- asses the impact of interventions
Role of epidemiology in public health
- identifying the causes of disease
- identifying who is affected
- determine where the diseases occur
- determine when the disease occur
Data in public health
Use of health statistics in public health
- health needs identification
- determination of “trends”
- program evaluation and planning
- budget planning and justification
- administrative decision making
- health education
- conducting epidemiological studies
Interrupting the chain of infection
- identify the organism (pathogen) and destroy it
- eliminate the host (reservoir)
- prevent the transmission from one host to another
- increase the resilience (resistance) of susceptible hosts (persons)
Psychological factors that are known to influence health
- stress (distress)
- lack of social support (friends)
- socio economic status (poverty)
- ethnicity (discrimination)
Modern injury control
- engineering controls (safe design)
- education (training, rules, and regulations)
- enforcement (laws, penalties, age limits, texting etc.)
Key injury prevention methods
- separation (human vs. machine)- e.g., traffic lanes
- protection (barriers, shielding)-e.g., helmets
- time (exposure)-e.g., escape
- education (traffic, practice)-defensive driving
The basics of human survival
Air
Water
Food
The foundation of public health
Drinking water treatment facility
Sanitary land fill
Food safety
Costs going up
Use of new technologies
- competitive pressures
- short-term amortization
Costs going up
Defensive medicine
- more tests than needed
- attempting to reduce malpractice lawsuits
Costs going up
Few for service by traditional insurance policies
- payment for treatment but not for prevention
- third party (somebody else is paying) mentality
Costs going up
High administrative costs
- complex reimbursement procedures
- skilled support staff needed to file reimbursement claims
Costs going up
Practice variations
- best practices not adopted by all providers
- medicine is an ‘art’
Costs going up reasons
- use of new technologies
- defensive medicine
- fee for service by traditional insurance policies
- high administrative costs
- practice variations
- malpractice insurance costs
- waste and abuse
Managed care organization
- insurer and provider are working together to reduce healthcare costs
- insurer and provider share profits
- focus on prevention
- focus on gate-keeping
- focus on case management
Disaster phases
- pre-event
- event
- post-event
Mitigation strategies
- time
- distance
- barriers
