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Science > Final review guide > Flashcards

Final review guide Flashcards

1
Q

according to environmental philosophy, humans should strive to live _______

A

simple

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2
Q

the probability of an outcome that is unwanted occurring is called _________

A

risk

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3
Q

a ___________ model is a systematic process you can use to help you make decision about environmental issues

A

decision-making model

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4
Q

the __________ consists of a series of steps used by scientists to identify and answer questions

A

scientific method

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5
Q

materials from the environment that will never run out are called _________, but materials from the environment that will run out are called ___________

A

renewable

nonrenwable

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6
Q

If an insect can no longer be killed by a particular insecticide, it has developed a __________to the chemical

A

resistance

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7
Q

the law of supply and demand states good and services in _____ demand will have a high price

A

high

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8
Q

public exploitation of a shared resource is called ____________

A

Tragedy of the Commons

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9
Q

the initial source of food in most land ecosystems _______

A

plants

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10
Q

the living and once living parts of an ecosystem, including all the plants and animals, are _______ factors in the ecosystem

A

biotic

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11
Q

the nonliving parts of an ecosystem, such as rocks, light, air, and temperature, are _____factors in the ecosystem

A

abiotic

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12
Q

Darwin proposed that __________ is the mechanism for _______ the change in the genetic characteristics of a population from one generation to the next that is characterized by organism that look similar and produce fertile offspring called _____

A

natural selection
evolution
species

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13
Q

plants in a particular biome have _________that help them to survive in that biome

A

adaptions

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14
Q

biomes are determined by climate which is composed of _________ and _______

A

temperature

precipitation

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15
Q

horses and cattle are __________and eat only producers while lions are a group of consumers called ________, and bacteria are examples of __________

A

herbivores
carnivores
decomposers

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16
Q

a gradual process of change and replacement of the types of species in a community is called _______. From nothing is ________ and a disturbed area is _________

A

succession
primary
secondary

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17
Q

in the carbon cycle, the source of carbon for producers is the ______

A

CO2

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18
Q

the burning of ____________over many years has resulted in an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

A

fossil fuels

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19
Q

downstream, a river often widens and flows more ______

A

slowly

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20
Q

coral polyps secrete skeletons of ____________that slowly accumulates and forms coral reefs.

A

calcium carbonate

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21
Q

a ______is where a river meets an ocean

A

estuary

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22
Q

the ___________of an ecosystem for a particular species is the maximum population that the ecosystem can support indefinitely

A

carrying capacity

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23
Q

a type of interaction between two species in which both species are harmed is ________.A type of interaction between two species in which both species benefit is _________

A

competition

mutualism

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24
Q

a type of interaction between two species in which one benefits and one is not affected ___________

A

commensalism

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25
Q

where the hyena live is referred to as a ________and what the animal does is referred to as a ______

A

habitat

niche

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26
Q

a population has a _________growth rate when the death rate is higher than the birth rate

A

negative

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27
Q

the _________and _________ revolutions brought about changes that caused exponential growth of the world human population

A

agricultural

industrial

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28
Q

the study of human population patterns is called _________

A

demography

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29
Q

the United Nations has designated _________countries to be given priority for foreign aid

A

developing

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30
Q

a country characterized by high birth rates, high death rates, and low income is called ________ while a country characterized by low birth rates, low death rates, and high income is called ________

A

developing

developed

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31
Q

one way to stabilize the world population is to reduce ________ by improving women’s status and educational oppurtunities

A

birth rate

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32
Q

most demographers predict a _______population growth rate and a world population of ___________in 2050

A

neutral

9 billion

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33
Q

when cities grow too fast it is called the __________

A

urban crisis

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34
Q

local water supplies may be contaminated when they are also used for _______ disposal

A

sewage

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35
Q

during the last 200 years, the human population has undergone ________growth

A

exponential

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36
Q

the number and variety of species on earth is called _______

A

biodiversity

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37
Q

an area of land through which water percolates to be stored as groundwater is known as a ____________

A

recharge zone

38
Q

only 3% of water on earth is fresh water and most of it is lock up in the form of _____

A

ice

39
Q

underground stored water is held in a geologic formations referred to as an ________

A

aquifer

40
Q

water that is safe to drink is referred to as _________

A

potable

41
Q

a method of providing plants with water for agriculture from sources other than precipitation is known as _______

A

irrigation

42
Q

fertilizer from farms, lawns, and gardens is the largest source of nutrients that cause _______

A

pollution/eutrophication

43
Q

when fossil fuels are burned, they release oxides of _______ and ______

A

nitrogen

sulfur

44
Q

land that is used to graze livestock is known as _____

A

range

45
Q

many people move to cities in search of _____, and as more people move to the city the land footprint gets larger in a process called ________

A

jobs

urban sprawl

46
Q

a land-use planner might use a tool known as _______ to determine where to locate a new mall

A

GIS

47
Q

areas that are protected from development and environmental damage are known as _________areas

A

wilderness

48
Q

moderation of temperature, infiltration of rainwater runoff, and aesthetic value can be provided to urban areas by ________

A

green areas

49
Q

the environmentally preferred method of harvesting trees is _______where medium trees are harvested

A

select cut

50
Q

cities generate and trap _______, causing increased temperatures called heat islands

A

heat

51
Q

the health problem caused by not eating enough necessary nutrients is known as __________

A

malnutrition

52
Q

the loss of fertile soil when it is blown away by wind or washed away by water is called _______

A

erosion

53
Q

the raising of aquatic organisms for human use and consumption is called _______

A

aquaculture

54
Q

in farming, a _______ is any organism that occurs where it is not wanted, or in large enough numbers to cause economic damage that can be controlled by using ________or ___________

A

pest
chemicals
biological pest control

55
Q

ore deposits formed in cracks in rocks are called _____

A

veins

56
Q

an open pit used to mine minerals near the surface is called a __________

A

surface mine

57
Q

theodore roosevelt helped create ________(first national park) to help preserve wildlife habitat

A

yellowstone

58
Q

oil and natural gas result from the decay of ____________that accumulated on the ______ floor millions of years ago

A

marine creatures

ocean

59
Q

nuclear fission releases a tremendous amount of energy from _______atoms and Nuclear fusion releases a tremendous amount of energy from _______

A

splitting

joining

60
Q

the electricity that powers the lights in a house was generated at a ________and then carried to the user through a _____

A

power plant

grid

61
Q

energy from sources that are constantly being formed is ___________energy, which is a needed source due to worlds ______demand for energy

A

renewable

increasing

62
Q

electricity is produced chemically when hydrogen and oxygen are combined in a _______

A

fuel cell

63
Q

wind turbines are driven by convection currents caused by the _____

A

sun

64
Q

solar cells are also called _________

A

photovoltaic

65
Q

emissions regulations and technology such as ________have reduced air pollution from internal combustion engines in many areas

A

hybrid cars

66
Q

scientific method

A

series of steps used by scientists to identify and answer questions

67
Q

tragedy of the commons

A

public exploitation of a shared resource

68
Q

biotic

A

the living parts of an ecosystem

69
Q

abiotic

A

the nonliving parts of an ecosystem

70
Q

herbivores

A

animals that only eat plants

71
Q

carnivores

A

animals that only eat meats

72
Q

estuary

A

where a river meets an ocean

73
Q

commensalismq

A

interaction between two species in which one benefits and one is not affected

74
Q

habitat

A

where the animal lives

75
Q

niche

A

what the animal does

76
Q

demography

A

study of human population patterns

77
Q

developing countries

A

high birth rates
high death rates
low income

78
Q

developed countries

A

low birth rates
low death rates
high income

79
Q

urban crisis

A

when cities grow too fast

80
Q

biodiversity

A

number and variety of species on Earth

81
Q

recharge zone

A

area of land through which water percolates to be stored as groundwater

82
Q

aquifer

A

underground stored water is held in a geologic formations

83
Q

potable

A

when water is safe to drink

84
Q

range

A

land that is used to graze livestock

85
Q

urban sprawl

A

ecological footprint gets larger as more people move to the city

86
Q

erosion

A

loss of fertile soil when it is blown away by wind or washed away by water

87
Q

veins

A

ore deposits formed in cracks in rocks

88
Q

surface mine

A

open pit used to mine minerals near the surface

89
Q

photovoltaic

A

solar cells

90
Q

fuel cell

A

electricity is produced chemically when hydrogen and oxygen are combined

Science (14 decks)

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