humans and the environment review

Question 1

an increase in population could result from increased birth rate, increased _______, or immigration

Answer 1

life expectancy

Question 2

the _____________is the average number of children each parent must have in order to replace themselves in the population

Answer 2

replacement level

Question 3

during the _____ stage of demographic transition, the birth rate drops and the size of the population begins to decrease

Answer 3

industrial

Question 4

the __________and __________revolutions brought about changes that caused exponential growth of the world human population

Answer 4

agricultural

industrial

Question 5

a shortage of _____________can decrease the food supply available to a growing population

Answer 5

arable land

Question 6

the study of human population patterns is called ________

Answer 6

demography

Question 7

the United Nations has designated _________________ countries to be given priority for foreign aid

Answer 7

least developed

Question 8

one way to stabilize the world population is to reduce ______________ by improving women’s status and education opportunities

Answer 8

birth rates

Question 9

most demographers predict a ______ population growth rate and a world population of __________ in 2050

Answer 9

neutral

9 billion

Question 10

a _________________ helps demographers predict which age groups will experience the most growth

Answer 10

population pyramid

Question 11

type I and type III survivorship curves indicate populations that are growing _______________

Answer 11

slowly or not at all

Question 12

an adequate supply of fuelwood helps to prevent disease by allowing water to be boiled to ________ it.

Answer 12

sterilize

Question 13

china has implemented a campaign to reduce birth rates that include __________ rewards for single child families

Answer 13

financial

Question 14

the theory of demographic transition is based on the idea that industrial development causes ______ and _________ progress that affects population growth rates

Answer 14

social

economic

Question 15

local water supplies may be contaminated when they are also used for ______ disposal

Answer 15

waste

Question 16

population on the continent of _______ is expected to shrink by the year 2050

Answer 16

europe

Question 17

some less-developed countries have tried to move forward in demographic transition by directly reducing _________with advertising and economic incentives

Answer 17

birth rate

Question 18

the world population will stop growing when fertility rates decline to _____________

Answer 18

replacement rate

Question 19

during the last 200 years, the human population has undergone _________growth

Answer 19

exponential

Question 20

the percentage of members of a group that are likely to survive to any given age is called ________

Answer 20

survivorship

Question 21

a population with high fertility will have an age structure with a higher percentage of _______ people

Answer 21

young

Question 22

countries experiencing the greatest population growth are most likely to be those going through an ____________ revolution

Answer 22

industrial

Question 23

wealthy, developed countries such as japan and germany are in the fourth, or ______________, stage of demographic transition, when the population size begins to decline

Answer 23

post-industrial

Question 24

land that is used to graze livestock is known as

Answer 24

ranges

Question 25

before 1850, most people lived in ______ areas

Answer 25

rural

Question 26

the movement of people from rural areas to cities is called __________

Answer 26

urbanization

Question 27

many people move to cities in search of ______

Answer 27

jobs

Question 28

a land-use planner might use a tool known as _________ to determine where to locate a new mall

Answer 28

GIS

Question 29

most damage to rangeland comes from ____________

Answer 29

overgrazing

Question 30

fire stations, roads, and bridges are examples of ___________

Answer 30

infrastructure

Question 31

in the __________ humans and wildlife live side by side

Answer 31

wilderness

Question 32

areas that are protected from development and environmental damage are known as ___________ areas

Answer 32

wilderness

Question 33

moderation of temperature, infiltration of rainwater runoff, and aesthetic value can be provided to urban areas by ______

Answer 33

parks

Question 34

buses and trains are examples of ________

Answer 34

transportation

Question 35

one of the most important ecosystem services provided by forests is removing

Answer 35

CO2

Question 36

in clear-cutting, _____ trees are removed from an area

Answer 36

all

Question 37

in selective cutting, _____________ trees are removed from an area

Answer 37

medium-size

Question 38

the environmentally preferred method of harvesting trees is __________

Answer 38

selective

Question 39

land that is poorly suited for building is considered _______ land

Answer 39

marginal

Question 40

the first national park in the United States was ________

Answer 40

yellowstone

Question 41

as opposed to urban land, _____ land contains relatively few people

Answer 41

rural

Question 42

in the U.S., each person uses the ecosystem services provided by more than ________hectares of land and water

Answer 42

10-15

Question 43

cities generate and trap ____, causing increased temperatures called heat islands

Answer 43

heat

Question 44

the opposite of deforestation is _________

Answer 44

reforestation

Question 45

the negative consequences of harvesting trees using the clear-cutting method are _______ and wildlife habitat destruction

Answer 45

erosion

Question 46

deforestation is particularly harmful in tropical rain forests because the soil is _____

Answer 46

thin

Question 47

in the United States, all citizens share ownership of ___________

Answer 47

public land

Question 48

the most protected public lands are __________ areas

Answer 48

wilderness

Question 49

in the U.S. any area containing __________ inhabitants is considered urban

Answer 49

25,000- 30,000

Question 50

developing countries usually lack the ability to protect __________ areas

Answer 50

wilderness