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Final Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

Normal QRS Axis

A

Positive I

Positive avF

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2
Q

Left QRS Axis

A

Positive I

Negative avF

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3
Q

Right QRS Axis

A

Negative I

Positive avF

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4
Q

How to diagnose Primary HTN

A

> 140/90

Three separate appointments

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5
Q

Best HTN Drug for patients with osteoporosis

A

Thiazide Diuretics

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6
Q

Which HTN Medications are safe in pregnancy?

A

Beta Blockers

Hydralazine

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7
Q

Best HTN Drug for patients with CHF / CAD / A Fib

A

Beta Blocker

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8
Q

Which HTN drug is preferred in Diabetes?

A

ACE inhibitor

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9
Q

Side Effects of Thiazide Diuretics

A

Hypokalemia
Hyperglycemia
Hyperuricemia
Hypomagnesemia

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10
Q

Side Effects of Beta Blocker

A 
Bradycardia
Bronchospasm
Depression
Sedation
Masks Hypoglycemia`
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11
Q

Side Effects of Ace Inhibitors

A 
ARF
Hyperkalemia
Dry Cough 
Angioedema
Rash
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12
Q

Side effects of CCB

A

Dihydro Edema

Nondh Heart Block

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13
Q

BP Target at different Age Groups

A

<60 140/90

>60 150/90

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14
Q

HTN initial Monotherapy drugs

A

Thiazides
CCB
ACEi

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15
Q

Define Hypertensive Urgency

A

> 180/120

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16
Q

Hypertensive Urgency Treatment

A

IV Nitroprusside
Nitroglycerin
Labetalol
Nicardipine

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17
Q

Which medication is contraindicated in Renal Artery Stenosis

A

ACEi

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18
Q

Contraindicated HTN Drugs in DM

A

Thiazide

Beta Blocker

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19
Q

Contraindicated HTN Drugs in CHF

A

CCB

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20
Q

Contraindicated HTN Drug in Asthma/COPD

A

Nonselective Beta Blocker

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21
Q

Contraindicated HTN Drug in Pregnancy

A

Thiazide
ACEi
ARB

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22
Q

Contraindicated HTN Drug in Depression

A

Beta Blocker

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23
Q

Lateral Infarction ECG Changes in which leads?

A

avL
V4-6
I

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24
Q

Inferior Infarction ECG Changes in which leads?

A

II,III

avF

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25
Dressler Syndrome
Fever Pericarditis Increased ESR 2-8 Weeks Post MI
26
ECG Progressive PR Lengthening
Mobitz I
27
ECG Randomly skipped QRS
Mobitz II
28
ECG No relation between QRS and P
Complete heart block
29
ECG Variable Morphology of P waves
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
30
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Genetic Inheritance
Autosomal Dominant
31
Causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopahty
Sarcoidosis | Amyloidosis
32
Causes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Idiopathic
33
Most common type of Cardiomyopathy
Dilated | 90%
34
Aortic Stenosis Murmur
Systolic Crescendo Decrescendo
35
Mitral Regurgitation Murmur
Holosystolic
36
Aortic Regurgitation Murmur
Diastolic Decrescendo
37
Mitral Stenosis
Diastolic Rumble
38
Mitral Valve Prolapse Murmur
Early to Late diastolic Click
39
Tricuspid Regurgitation Murmur
Holosystolic Murmur in Left Lower Sternal Border
40
Which microorganism causes Acute Rheumatic Fever
Group A Strep
41
Major Criteria for Acute Rheumatic Fever:
J<3NES | Joints / Heart / Nodules / Erythema / Sydenham Chorea
42
Minor Criteria for Acute Rheumatic Fever:
PEACE | Previous / ECG PR Prolonged / Arthralgia / CRP Elevated / Elevated Temp
43
How can you diagnose Rheumatic Disease
Two Major | 1 Major 2 Minor
44
Pain that lessens with leaning forward is a characteristic of ?
Acute Pericarditis
45
What characteristic presentations are found in Acute Pericarditis
``` Pain Relieved When leaning forward Friction Rub (Best heard when leaning forward) ```
46
ECG Findings Acute Pericarditis
ST Elevation | PR Depression
47
Treatment of Acute Pericarditis
PCCentesis NSAID Colchicine to prevent reccurence
48
Chronic Constructive Pericarditis Characteristic feature:
Equal pressure in all chambers
49
What Causes Chronic Constrictive PC
Radiation | Heart Surgery
50
Cardiac Tamponade Treatment
Immediate PCCentesis
51
Stanford A AD
Aortic Dissection Involving ascending Aorta
52
Stanford B AD
Distal to left sc artery
53
Which Aorta Diameter is considered Aneurysmal?
1.5-2.5 is normal | Double this value is
54
Most common Pneumonia in children
Viral Pneumonia | Non Productive cough
55
Most common Pneumonia in adults
Strep Pneumonia | Productive cough`
56
Most common Pneumonia organism in alcoholics
K.Pneumonia | Currant Jelly Sputum
57
CAP Treatment
Azithromycin or Doxycyclin
58
First Line Asthma Exacerbation
SABA
59
Emphysema Treatment
Smoking cessation | Supplemental Oxygen
60
Main presentation of Bronchiectasis
Copious Amount of sputum
61
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Chest X-Ray and CT characteristic appearance
CXR Honeycomb | CT Ground Glass
62
What does a PFT characterize IPF into?
Restrictive Lung Disease
63
Noncaseating granulomas with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy is a ccc of ?
Sarcoidosis
64
Sarcoidosis Treatment
Self Resolving | Corticosteroids in chronic cases
65
How can you diagnose GPA (Wegener)
C-Anca | Noncaseating Granuloma
66
Acetaminophen Toxicity causes
Hepatic Insufficiency / Failure
67
Benzodiazepines Overdose symptoms
Respiratory Depression
68
B-Blockers Overdose
Hypoglycemia Bradycardia Hypotension
69
CCB Overdose
Euglycemic Bradycardia Hypotension
70
Cocaine Overdose
Coronary Vasospasm (MI) Agitation Tachycardia
71
Opioids Overdose
Pinpoint Pupil | Respiratory Depression
72
Salicylates Overdose
Metabolic Acidosis
73
TCA Overdose
QRS Widening | Torsades de Pointes
74
Organophosphates
Diarrhea Urination Bradycardia Salivation
75
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Treatment
100% O2 | Hyperbaric O2

Medicine Final (7 decks)

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