Actinomycosis- gram positive Nocardiosis- gram positive Mycobacteriosis- gram positive

FINAL SKIN REVIEW Flashcards by Magenta Kline

Which of the following conditions you will investigate in a dog presented with this picture?

Staphylococcal pyoderma

food allergy

immune mediated skin conditions

parasitic infections

neoplasm

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Dermatitis in bacteriology is often called

pyoderma

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Panniculitis

subcutaneous tissue

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Cellulitis

dermis and Subcutaneous fat

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Most pyoderma/skin infection are due to

Coagulase positive staph

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Are skin infections usually the primary issue?

No! Usually problems with the skin are secondary!

Therefore…….

Always investigate underlying causes such as allergy, ectoparasites, Immunosuppressive conditions”

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What is the most common gram negative organism that can be involved with a pyoderma skin lesion?

Pseudomonas

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A common bacterial isolate from canine pyoderma is

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

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Fungal differentials

Actinomycosis- gram positive
Nocardiosis- gram positive
Mycobacteriosis- gram positive

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What is the diagnostic workup for skin conditions?

Skin scrapings to rule-out parasites such as Demodex
Fungal culture to rule-out deep fungal infection
Skin cytology by performing an impression smear of pustules, papules, crusts or draining tract fluid:
Bacterial culture / susceptibility testing using fresh purulent discharge or a tissue
Skin biopsy for dermatohistopathology

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What is the treatment?

Systemic antibiotics based on culture and susceptibility (up to 8 weeks or longer in refractory cases)

Fluoroquinolones(broad spectrum): (tissue penetration, Activity against Gram positives and negatives, uptake by macrophages increases penetration and concentration)

Clindamycin (consider inducible clindamycin resistance- macrolide restisttant ) Antibacterial topical therapy (Chlorhexidine)

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Inducible clindamycin resistance

All staphylococcus isolates which are macrolide(erythromycin) resistant should be considered Clindamycin resistant unless otherwise confirmed by a D-test

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How should you submit a superficial lesion?

Superficial lesions- A culturette swab in transport media

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What should you submit for an abscess

Abscess –Fine needle aspirates or contents in anaerobic

transport media

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What should you submit for a granulomatous lesion?

Granulomatous lesions- Sample for Biopsy and a fresh piece of tissue for culture

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What is recommended for a non-resolving lesion?

For any non-resolving lesions a biopsy is always recommended

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Can you submit a dry swab for culture?

Do not submit dry swabs for cultures

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Anaerobic infections

Foul smelling discharge, necrotic gangrenous tissue and abscess formation, free gas in tissue, black discoloration of exudates,Sulphur granules in discharge

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What do you have to do to take an aerobic culture?

Disinfect skin surface with 70% alcohol, allow to dry

Aspirate specimen directly into the syringe.

Remove air from syringe.

Aseptically transfer material into an anaerobic transport media

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Greasy pig disease is caused by

Staphylococcus hyicus

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Hemophilius parasuis causes

gram negative

causes blue ears in pigs

GLASSER”S DISEASE

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Bumble Foot in birds

Staphylococcus aureus

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Botryomycosis-

Botryomycosis- Rodents, Human, Horses Chronic pyogranulomatous inflammation

Most common isolate : S. aureus

deep in the tissue

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Wound infections, draining tracts, Abscess

What are your top bacterias that you are considering?

Gram Positive anaerobes

Clostridium

Nocardia

Actinomyces

Gram Negative Anaerobes

Fusobacterium

Bacteroides

Dichelobacter

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Mycobacteria- negatively stained with Gimesa Stain ## Footnote **_Negative (“Not Gram Negative”) stained rods_**

Dogs and cats presented with Non healing cutaneous lesions and subcutaneous nodules

Dogs and cats presented with Non healing cutaneous lesions and subcutaneous nodules “Mycobacterium”

Dermatophilus congolensis

Trichophyton verrucosum

IN cats: ## Footnote • Mycobacterial infections(Feline Leprosy) * Yersinia pestis (lymph node abscess)- Plague * Cat bite abscess- Pasteurella sp

Actinomyces bovis- lumpy Jaw, pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis

Foot rot- Fusobacterium Necrophorum in cattle, sheep, goat

Mycotoxins (Sporidesmin; Pithomyces chartarum)-Facial eczema due to photosensitization) fungal toxins that can cause skin lesions due to photosenitization

Mycotic infections of the skin

• Dermatophytosis * Trychophyton * Microsporum * Epidermophyton

Mycotic infections of the skin in Dogs

• Dogs: M.canis, M. gypsium, T. mentagrophytes

Mycotic infections of the skin in Cats

• Cats: M. canis

Mycotic infections of the skin in Equine:

Equine: T. mentagrophytes, T equinum

Mycotic infections of the skin in Cattle:

Cattle: T. verrucosum

Mycotic infections of the skin in Pigs:

Pigs: M. nanum

You can use a Wood's lamp for?

Microsporum canis

Which medium do you use to test for Dermatophytes?

Dermatophyte test medium- will change the color; but you should not worry about the color change always also follow up with a Lactophenol cotton blue staining

Persian cat: Pseudomycetoma Microsporum canis In cats, Micropsorum canis can go deeper causing these types of lesions.

Which species shows no lesions of Microsporum canis?

Cats ## Footnote Sometimes, owners will come in and say that they have these lesions, but their cats don't have any. What will you do? Test the cat! You take a toothbrush and comb the cat and then you send it to the lab.

Where do you collect samples from in a ring worm infection?

MARGINS because is it clearned in the middle

Griseofulvin

Act only against dermatophytes, Need oral administration and the drug reaches the superficial dead epithelium - high concentration in the stratum corneum

Cryptococcus neoformans

Lungs, CNS, Eyes, Skin) very common in cats

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Lungs-primary, Skin lesions in disseminated disease

Sporothrix schenckii

cutaneous/lymphatics

Blastomyces dermatitidis- Broad based budding yeast

Cryptococcus neoformans: **Capsule**

Histoplasma capsulatum:_Intracellular small yeasts_

Coccidioides immitis- spherule with endosporulation HUGE

Pythiosis and Lagenidiosis

Horses, dogs and humans Cutaneous, vascular, ocular, gastrointestinal and a systemic form _Prognosis for most cases is poor_ Radical surgery, antifungal drugs, immunotherapy or a combination of these therapies. After resection, medical therapy using Itraconazole or Terbinafine 10 – 20 percent of dogs respond. Avoiding stagnant waters

Cutaneous Lagenidiosis

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Pathognomonic skin lesions observed in swine erysipelas is a local suppurative dermatitis. True or False

FALSE- those skin lesions are a septicemia that causes vascultis and this those skin lesions.

Strangles, Lymphadenitis

Streptococcus equi subsp equi; lymphatanitis lesions

Ulcerative lymphangitis (Pigeon fever)

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis- you will see lymphacutaenous lesions in the legs and brisket region HORSES

Glanders

Burkholderia mallei- horses; pneunomia, farcy, abscess in the skin

Melioidosis

Burkholderia pseduomallei abscesses in horses

Pythium insidiosum oomycosis Kunkers( coral like necrotic debris)- what comes out of the lesions Leeches, Bursatti, SWAMP CANCER

What is the best treatment for a mature staphyloccocal abscess?

SURGERY

FINAL SKIN REVIEW Flashcards

(64 cards)