Final Study guide Flashcards by Loren Israelsen

What are the three catecholamines and whats the order of making them?

Dopamine (which then makes..)
NE (which then makes…)
Epi

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What is Ethosuximide good for?

Abscence Seizures

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What’s the main way to treat Parkinsons?

Increase DA because of lack of it.

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What’s the chemical problem with Huntingtons disease?and what does that do?
What are the type of drugs for huntingtons?

Excess DA which causes the GABA to die (AMPA/NMDA glutamate systems)
Dopamine antagonists (antipsychotics)

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What’s the chemical problem of Alzheimers?

What drug and type of drug help with Alzheimers?

Low ACh

Cholinesterase inhibitors like Donepezil help

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What drug treats MS?

Prednisone (antiinflammatory)

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What are the non selective Cox 1/2 inhibitors?

Aspirin (salicylates)

Ibuprofen (stomach mucin, clotting, kidney Cox 1/Heart Cox 2)

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What is the Cox 2 inhibitor? side effect?

Celebrex (heart)

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What is another name for acetominophen and what is it good for? Bad for?

Tyelenol
Antipyretic (fever)/Low powered analgesic
Side effect: Liver

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What are 4 B2 agonists?

Epi
Isoproteronol
Albuterol
Terbutaline

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What does Bethanecol do?
What does Pilocarpine do?
What does Cevimeline do?

Beth: Increase GI function
Pilo: glaucoma/Cures xerostomia
Cevi: cures xerostomia

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What does Phenylephrine do?

Decongestant

Vasoconstrictor

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What does Prazocin do?

A1 blocker

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What does Succinylcholine do?

What does Tubocurare do?

Suc: depolarizes endplate, unresponsive to more ACh
Tub: competes with ACh (arrow poison)

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What does Physostigmine do?
What does Donepezil do?
What does Sarin do?

Phy: Glaucoma/Antidote for Muscarinic antagonist
Don: Alzheimers
Sar: nerve gas/increases ACh to toxic levels

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What does Atropine do?

What does Scopalamine do?

Atr: blocks muscarinic receptors
Sco: motion sickness drug

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What does Mecamylamine do?

Antihypertension

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What are the 2 A2 agonists?

Clonidine

Guanfacine

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What are the agonist/Antagonist for B1? (2:1)

Ag: Epi/ Isoproteronol
Ant: -Olol’s

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What are 3 cholinesterase inhibitors?

Physostigmine
Donepezil
Sarin

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What are A1 agonist/Antagonist? (2:1)

Ag: Epi/ Phenylephrine
Ant: Prazocin

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What does isoproteronol do?

increases heart performance

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What do -Olol’s do?

B blocker

decreases heart pressure

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What does Albuterol and Terbutaline do?

Bronchodilator for asthma

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What are 3 muscarinic receptor agonists? | What are 2 muscarinic Antagonists?

Ag: Bethanechol/ Pilocarpine/ Cevimeline Ant: Atropine/ Scopalamine

What does clonidine and guanfacine do?

decreases blood pressure

What are the agonist/antagonist for Autonomic nicotine? (1:1)

Ag: ACh Ant: Mecamylamine

What are the agonist/antagonist for skeletal muscle nicontinic? (1:2)

Ag: ACh Ant: Succinylcholine/ Tubocurare

What type of drug is indomethacin? Why's it bad? What's it used for?

NSAID Major side effects Arthritis

What type of drug is diflunisal and what is it good for?

Related to Salicylates | Good for bone pain

What are the 7 pain reliever narcotics in order of potency?

``` Fentanyl(0.1mg) Oxymorphone (1mg) Hydromorphone (1.5 mg) Morphine (10 mg) Oxycodone (20mg) Hydrocodone (30 mg) Codeine (200mg) ```

What's the chelator for lead toxicity? | How does it work?

EDTA (edatate calcium disodium) | Removes Pb from bone

What are the two drugs to use for Mercury toxicity? why is the first drug contraindicated in Chronic mercury toxicity? Which drug is used more often and how is it different that the other one?

Dimercaprol/Succimer. Dimercaprol used chronically is nephrotoxic in and of itself. Succimer is used more often because it's the water soluble form of Dimercaprol.

What is done for acute arsenic intoxication? What is done for chronic arsenic intoxication? What is done for acute arsine gas intoxication?

Acute arsenic: Unithiol/Demercaprol Chronic Arsenic: Folate supplements for methylation help Arsine Gas: hydration/blood transfusions/hemodialysis

How do chelator drugs work?

They work on not allowing heavy metals be available for covalent interactions

What's the antidote for Cyanide? | Is Cyanide a heavy metal?

Hydroxycobalamin. | Not a heavy metal.

What are three drugs used as decongestants (MOA too?) | What's the decongestant drug for people with high blood pressure problems?

Oxymetazoline (A1 agonist, vasoconstrict) Phenylephrine (A1 agonist, vasoconstrict) Pseudoephedrine (Sympathomimetic) HBP: coricidin.

What are 3 drugs used for Rhinorrhea/antihistamines/allergies? Side effects for each?

Diphenhydramine (drowsy,) Chlorpheniramine (drowsy) Loratadine (less drowsy)

What are three drugs to use for cough relief?

Codeine Dyphenhydramine Dextromethorphan

What do expectorant drugs do? And what's one example?

They hydrate secretions to make coughing easier (more "productive"). Guaifenesin.

What does zinc help with?

It's thought to help with cough, but it doesn't much.

What are demulcents for? What are types of them?

Coating the throat for irritation like cough drops.

What are 3 good antivirals to use (what are they used for?) | How soon should they be used?

Oseltamavir (Flu) 24 hours Zanamivir (Flu) Docosanol (Cold sores)

What is Phenol used for? When is it contraindicated?

Oral analgesic. | Contraindicated if allergic to local anesthetic.

What are three types of Xanthine Stimulants?

Caffeine (Vivarin) Theobromine (Chocolate) Theophylline (asthma)

What does nicotine do?

Stimulant.

What drug treats Parkinsons and what does the drug do?

Entacapone | COMT inhibitor

What two drugs treat Schizo? and what does the drug do?

Chlorpromazine (Phenothiazine, d2 agonist) | Clozapine (Atypical D2 and 5HT antagonist)

What drug treats Bulimia? and what type of drug is it?

Fluoxetine (SSRI drug)

What drug treats Multiple Sclerosis? And What type of drug is it?

Prednisone. Antiinflammatory steroid.

What 2 drug treats Bipolar mania? And what type of drug is it?

``` Carbamazepine (antiseizure) Lithium carbonate (alters G proteins) ```

What 2 drugs treat severe anxiety? what kind of drugs are they?

Alprazolam (Agonist at Benzodiazepine receptor) | Bupropion (non addicting substitute for sedatives)

What's a drug for ADHD? What type of drug is it?

Modafinil. DAT or NET blocker.

What's a drug for Alzheimers? And what type of drug is it?

Donepezil. Cholinesterase inhibitor.

What does the thrombi drug Protamine do?

used to treat heparin overdose

What does the thrombi drug Streptokinase do?

Dissolves an established clot

What does the thrombi drug Warfarin do?

Antagonized by Vitamin K

What does the thrombi drug Clopidagrel do?

platelet aggregate inhibitor

What does the thrombi drug Enoxaparin do?

actions similar to heparin

What does the diabetic drug lispro do?

Rapid onset and early peak action insulin

What does the diabetic drug Metformin do?

biguanide that decreases glucose production in the liver

What does the diabetic drug Acarbose do?

slows digestion and absorption of starch and disaccharides from intestines

What does the diabetic drug Tolbutamide do?

1st generation sulfonylurea that increases the release of insulin from B cells

What does the diabetic drug Orlistat do?

diminishes fat absorption in instestines

What does the diabetic drug Rosiglitazone do?

reduces insulin resistance in muscle cells

What does a.c. ante cebum mean?

before meals

What does ad lib mean?

use freely

What does aq (aque) mean?

Water

What does bis mean?

twice

What does bid mean?

twice daily

What does c.f. mean?

with food

What does dc mean?

discontinue

What does h mean

Hour

What does noct mean?

at night

what does p.c. (post cebum) mean?

After meals

what does prn (pro re nata) mean?

as needed

What does p.o. mean?

by mouth

What does qh mean?

every hour

What does qd mean?

every day

What does qid mean?

4x a day

What does S (sina) mean?

without

What does sig mean?

write on the label

What does stat mean?

immediately

What does tid mean?

three times daily

What does w mean?

With

What does w/o mean?

without

What two drugs are used as antihistamines and sleep aids?

Diphenhydramine. | Doxylamine

What is Miconazole used for ?

Thrush, antifungal

What is Neosporin/Polysporin used for?

antibiotic

What is hydrocortisone used for?

Anti-inflammatory/Anti-itching

What is dimenhydrinate and scopalamine used for?

anti-cholinergic/Anti-motion sickness

What is minoxidil used for?

Hair growth/vasodilator

What's a drug for hemorrhoids?

Phenylephrine

What is st johns wort for?

depression herb

What is echinacea for?

herb for colds

What is aloe vera for?

herb for wound healing/constipation

What is garlic for?

herb for lowering cholesterol

What is ginko for?

herb for memory

What is ginseng for?

herb for blood sugar and immune system

Final Study guide Flashcards

(99 cards)