Final Study Guide Part IV

Question 1

Transcription

Answer 1

DNA polymerase used to produce mRNA

Question 2

Translation

Answer 2

Protein produced from mRNA

Question 3

Where in the cell does transcription and translation cover?

Answer 3

Transcription— nucleus

Translation— cytoplasm

Question 4

Function of mRNA

Answer 4

Contains a copy of the genetic info in a gene and carries it to the ribosomes

Question 5

Function of tRNA

Answer 5

Reads info on mRNA and translates it to the proper amino acid

Question 6

Function of rRNA

Answer 6

Provides physical structure

Question 7

Point mutation

Answer 7

Only one nucleotide is altered

Question 8

Frameshift mutation

Answer 8

All codons are changed from the mutation onward

Question 9

Autosomal trait

Answer 9

Traits not linked to sex chromosomes

Question 10

Sex linked traits

Answer 10

Traits found in the X and Y chromosomes

Question 11

Incomplete dominance

Answer 11

Presents as a blending of traits

Question 12

Codominance

Answer 12

When no allele is dominant over another (blood types)

Question 13

Homozygous dominant

Answer 13

When the genotype features two of the dominant alleles

Phenotype will show the dominant trait

Question 14

Homozygous recessive

Answer 14

When the genotype features two of the recessive alleles

Phenotype will show the recessive trait

Question 15

Heterozygous

Answer 15

Heterozygous is when a genotype contains two different alleles

Phenotype will feature the dominant trait

Question 16

Difference between natural and artificial selection

Answer 16

Artificial selection is when humans choose features that best fit their intended use and only allow organisms with those traits to reproduce

In natural selection the environment determines which individuals are most fit to survive and reproduce

Question 17

How is a GMO altered?

Answer 17

It has DNA from two different sources that have been recombined

Question 18

Characteristics used when differentiating animals from one another

Answer 18

Body symmetry 
Segmentation 
Appendages 
Body plan
Skeleton

Question 19

Difference btw plant and animal cells

Answer 19

Plant cells have a central vacuole that stores water and a cell wall that prevents the cell from absorbing too much water and bursting.

Animal cells do not have a vacuole or cell wall

Question 20

Domains archaea

Answer 20

Unicellular organisms that live in extreme environments

Question 21

Domain eukarya

Answer 21

Broken down into 4 groups which include protists, fungi, animalia and plantae

Multicellular and can be heterotrophs or autotrophs

Question 22

Domain bacteria

Answer 22

Unicellular and found almost everywhere

Can be harmful or beneficial

Question 23

Difference between the eukaryotic kingdoms

Answer 23

Animalia are multicellular heterotrophs

Plantae are multicellular autotrophs

Fungi are multicellular heterotrophs who digest externally

Protists are uni or multicellular auto or heterotrophs

Question 24

What is the most general level of classification

Answer 24

Species

Question 25

Most specific level of classification

Answer 25

Domaine