Final Take-Aways Flashcards
Main Point Questions
Call for the Author’s Final Conclusion
LR: Plan, Pause, Paraphrase, Predict
This will help you handle the section in a confident, controlled and efficient way
Point at Issues Questions
Correct answer states or paraphrases the point of disagreement between two speakers. What do they disagree about?
Role of a Statement Questions
Identify the various piece of an argument {evidence, conclusion, background info., opponents argument} that is being reference.
Method of Argument Questions
Identify the author’s argumentative strategy - {analogy, examples, ad hominem, appeal to authority, counterexamples, eliminating alternatives}
Parallel Reasoning Questions
Identify conclusion type (VIPCAR) in stimulus, match to answer choices, use force, charge, evidence if needed
If an argument contains a new concept in the conclusion that is not inherently relevant or related to the topic in the evidence, the author’s assumption is that a logical relationship exists between the ___
Mismatched concepts in the evidence and conclusion
If an argument uses clearly applicable or relevant evidence, but jumps to a conclusion that overlooks other potentially relevant factors, explanations, or criteria, then the author’s assumption is that ____
There are no possible objections to the conclusion.
Sufficient Assumption Questions
Identify answer that when added to the evidence, guarantees the conclusion. “allows the conclusion to be drawn” “if assumed” “follows logically”
Necessary Assumption Questions
Identify answer that is required for the conclusions argument to make logical sense. “depends” “requires” “necessary”
Flaw Questions
Describe the flaw being made in the author’s argumen
Weaken Questions
If this piece of information were true, would the author’s conclusion be less likely to follow from her evidence? “calls into question” “undermines” Correct answers almost always introduce a possible objection to the conclusion that the author has not considered.
Strengthen Questions
If this piece of information were true, would the author’s conclusion be more likely to follow? “most strongly supports” “helps to strengthen” {Answers support stimulus}
Principle Questions {Principle Strengthen & Principle Necessary Assumption}
Identify the broad rule being elicited. Put the specific situation into broad terms.
Parallel Flaw Questions
Identify Flaw in the stimulus and find same type/way in answer choices.
Inference Questions
Identify a deduction made from the the facts given in the stimulus. Pick something derived from the facts! What do we know to be true, either free standing or by combining facts? Be aware of concrete info. - {Support flows from stimulus to answers} “can be properly concluded” “properly inferred” “logically completes” “if the stmts. above are true, what must be true?” - what level of certainty is used in the stimulus - (most = 50% +1; many, few some = 1-100)
Paradox Question
Right answer will always be a fact, if true, will help explain how the apparent discrepancy can be resolved - that is how the problematic facts can be shown to be consistent. “reconcile the apparent discrepancy” “explain the apparent mystery” “resolve”
SEAL
Situation - real world scenario
Entities (1,2,3?) Lend to chart, table or dashes?
Actions - sequencing, selection, distribution, matching
Limitations - what CANNOT happen
LG Steps
Read overview - SEAL Draw Sketch Precisely write out rules Deductions - BLEND Attach Questions (Acceptability and New If first)
LG Rules
Interpret and write with PRECISION & ACCURACY
Prioritize easy questions over hard questions!
Skipping or guessing strategically is not a failure but a success!
LG Questions Order Typically To Attack
Acceptability New If Other: MBT/MBF CBT/CBF Complete and Accurate List Completely Determine
If you wind up guessing on a CBT/CBF question pick ___
Floater or unrestricted entity
*Star the ____
Floater
