FINAL TERM- PPT- CHLORO

Question 1

Are thought to have become a part of certain eukaryotic cells in much the same way as mitochondria were incorporated into all eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

Chloroplast

Question 2

The first eukaryotic cell was probably an amoeba-like cell that got nutrients by phagocytosis and contained a nucleus

Answer 2

Endosymbiotic theory

Question 3

Evidence that chloroplast evolved from bacteria

Answer 3

• Chloroplast have their own separate DNA
• New chloroplast are formed through binary fission or splitting
• Chloroplast from cyanobacteria
• mitochondria from aerobic bacteria

Question 4

Greek word= ________ means green/ _________ means formed

Answer 4

khloros, plastes

Question 5

• obtains nutrients from other plants
• lost the genes coding for the development of the chloroplast

Answer 5

Rafflesia

Question 6

Three types of plastids

Answer 6

Chromoplast, chloroplast, leucoplast

Question 7

These are the color plastids, found in all flowers, and fruits and are mainly responsible for their distinctive colors

Answer 7

Chromoplast

Question 8

They are green-colored plastids, which comprise green-colored pigments within the plant cell and are call chlorophyll

Answer 8

Chloroplasts

Question 9

They are colorless plastids and are mainly used for the storage of starch , lipids, and proteins within the plants

Answer 9

Leucoplast

Question 10

a round, oval, or disk-shaped body that is involved in the synthesis and storage of foodstuffs

Answer 10

Chloroplasts

Question 11

The space between inner and outer membranes. It is the region between the inner membrane and the outer membrane of a mitochondrion or a chloroplast. Its main function is nucleotide phosphorylation.

Answer 11

Intermembrane space

Question 12

Its important roles are in signal transduction, protein import, lipid biosynthesis and remodeling, exchange of ions and numerous metabolites, plastid division, movement, and host defense.

Answer 12

Outer membrane

Question 13

It separates the stroma from
the intermembrane space. It fills the role of the
inner mitochondrial membrane in electron
transport and the chemiosmotic generation of
ATP the inner membrane is impermeable to ions and metabolites, which are therefore able to enter chloroplast inly via specific membrane
transporters.

Answer 13

Inner membrane

Question 14

it increase the efficiency of
photosynthesis by keeping grana at a distance so that they do not clutter together. They are also known as stroma thylakoids. They ensure
maximum energy from sunlight is captured in
photosynthesis

Answer 14

Stroma lamella

Question 15

it is a colorless, alkaline, aqueous,
protein rich the fluid present within the inner
membrane of the chloroplast present
surrounding the grana.

Answer 15

Stroma

Question 16

LIGHT REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS ARE
PERFORMED IN __________ WHILE DARK
REACTIONS ARE PERFORMED IN THE __________

Answer 16

Granum, Stroma

Question 17

Factors affecting photosynthesis

Answer 17

Chlorophyll, sunlight, water, carbon dioxide

Question 18

In plants, photosynthesis generally takes place in leaves, which consist of several layers of cells:

Answer 18

Epidermis, mesophyll, veins

Question 19

is the outer layer of the cells
covering the leaf

Answer 19

Epidermis

Question 20

a thin layer a top the epidermis

Answer 20

Waxy cuticle

Question 21

is involved in photosynthesis by allowing sunlight to penetrate through its layer.
- Cell contains no chloroplast

Answer 21

Upper epidermis

Question 22

is the primary location of
Photosynthesis in the plant

Answer 22

Mesophyll

Question 23

where photosynthesis mostly occur
- Its cell contains a lot of chloroplast.
- Cells are completely packed together.
- Only found in the upper part of the
leaf

Answer 23

Palisade mesophyll

Question 24

its cells are not as closely packed as the cells in the palisade mesophyll layer.
- Creates air space inside the leaf to
enables the gases to move in and out
- Not as many chloroplast
- Photosynthesis still occurs in the spongy
mesophyll layer.

Answer 24

Spongy mesophyll layer

Question 25

This is the bottom layer of the leaf and is a one cell thick.
- May/ may not contain a cuticle
- Holes can be found in leaves
called stomata; allow gases to diffuse in and out of the leaves.

Answer 25

Lower epidermis

Question 26

The stomata formed by 2 highly specialized epidermis cells, called

Answer 26

Guard cells

Question 27

provide the transport of materials in the leaf.
 Carries water, minerals, and food through the leaf and rest of the plant.

Answer 27

Veins

Question 28

Two parts of Vein-leaf structure

Answer 28

Xylem and Phloem

Question 29

water and mineral transport.

Answer 29

Xylem

Question 30

sugar and food transport

Answer 30

Phloem

Question 31

 It is an organic molecule that absorbs
light
 It is found in chloroplast of plant cell.
 In plants, it gives the leaves, flowers and
fruits their colors.

Answer 31

Pigments

Question 32

Type of pigment that plays a crucial role in
converting light energy to chemical
energy

Answer 32

Chlorophyll a

Question 33

Types of pigment that is present in plants, green algae and some cyanobacteria

Answer 33

Chlorophyll b

Question 34

Type of pigment that is found in diatoms, dinoflagellates and brown algae

Answer 34

Chlorophyll c

Question 35

Type of pigment that is present only in red algae

Answer 35

Chlorophyll d

Question 36

 It gives plants yellow, red or orange
pigment
 It is known as accessory pigment.

Answer 36

Carotenoids

Question 37

 It is found in the vacuole of plant cell.
 Most common flavonoids: Anthocyanin
(gives red pigment)
 Anthocyanin is found in petals, fruits,
stems, and leaves

Answer 37

Flavonoids

Question 38

Three main stages of dark independent reaction/ calvin cycle

Answer 38

Carbon fixation, reduction and regeneration

Question 39

Three factors can limit the rate of
photosynthesis:

Answer 39

light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature