Final Test Flashcards by Sophie McCarron

What is the source of human energy?

Food

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What do all living cells need energy for?

Muscle contraction 
Growth
Mitosis and cell division
Chemical reactions 
To move materials across the cell membrane

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What is respiration?

Respiration is the process by which this energy is released for use in cells.

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What does all food contain?

Chemical energy

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What is the word equation for chemical energy?

Chemical energy ➡️ Heat energy ➕ light energy

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What energy do fat, carbohydrate and protein give us?

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What is respiration without oxygen called?

Fermentation / anaerobic respiration

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What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants?

Yeast: glucose ➡️ ethanol ➕ carbon dioxide

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What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?

Animal: glucose ➡️ lactic acid

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What happens if yeast cells continue to respire anaerobically for a long time?

They’ll die

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Aerobic respiration table

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Fermentation / anaerobic respiration table

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What is metabolism?

Metabolism is the total of all the chemical processes that occur in a loving organism.

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Why is aerobic respiration important?

Aerobic respiration is very important as it releases the energy required to build up materials which are essential to life.

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What are metabolic processes controlled by?

Enzymes

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What is respiration a series of?

Enzyme controlled chemical reactions

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What are enzymes made by?

All living cells

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What are enzymes function in a cell?

Their function in a cell is to speed up a chemical reaction but remain unchanged at the end of the reaction

What is enzyme specificity?

The substance on which an enzyme acts is called its substrate. Normally an enzyme will only act upon one substrate. This is enzyme specificity

Each enzyme has a different…..

Shape which is specific to its substrate

What two types of reactions can enzymes be involved in for molecules?

Synthesis (build up)

Degradation (break down)

What is the special shape of an enzyme?

Active site

What is the equation for starch?

Starch ➡️amylase➡️ maltose

Degradation

What is the equation for protein?

Protein ➡️pepsin➡️ amino Acids

Degradation

What is the equation for fat?

Fat ➡️lipase➡️ fatty acids and glycerol | Degradation

What is the equation for hydrogen peroxide?

Hydrogen peroxide ➡️catalase➡️ water and oxygen | Degradation

What is the equation for g1p?

Glucose-1-phosphate ➡️phosphorylase➡️ starch | Synthesis

What can enzymes be used for in bio technological industries?

What are enzymes used for in other industries?

Alcohol

What is a control?

A control is a copy of the experiment in which all the factors are kept exactly the same except the one being investigated in the original experiment.

What do controls allow us to do?

Compare results

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Glucose ➕ oxygen ➡️➡️ carbon dioxide ➕ water ➕ energy

What do we use to measure oxygen uptake by a living organism?

A respirometer

What 4 areas dies pollution affect?

Sea water Fresh water Land Air

What are the three main sources of pollution?

Agricultural Industrial Domestic

What are indicator species?

Organisms which, by their presence or absence, give an indication of the level of pollution.

Give examples of indicator species

What do micro organisms use organic water for?

Food

Examples of domestic pollution and impact on biodiversity

Examples of agricultural pollution and impact on biodiversity

Examples of industrial pollution and impact on diversity

Fossil fuels

Coal, oil, and gas

What happens when fossil fuels are burned?

Sulphur dioxide and other poisonous gases are released into the atmosphere

What does acid rain do?

Erodes buildings Changes soil ph