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Biology S3 > Unit 1 Test > Flashcards

Unit 1 Test Flashcards

0
Q

What is the function of the eyepiece lens on a microscope?

A

It is the lens you look through to see slides

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1
Q

What are cells?

A

The basic units of life

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2
Q

What is the function of the objective lens on a microscope?

A

To magnify the cells on the slide

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3
Q

What is the function of the stage on a microscope?

A

It is the area where the slides are placed

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4
Q

What is the function of the clips on a microscope?

A

They are used to keep the slide in place on the stage

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5
Q

What is the function of the mirror on a microscope?

A

To bounce light on to the slides

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6
Q

What is the function of the focussing wheels on a microscope?

A

They are used to focus in on the side panel on the stage

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7
Q

What is the magnification of a microscope?

A

The magnification of a microscope describes how many times bigger the image appears

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8
Q

What three things do all animal cells have?

A

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane

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9
Q

What three things do all plant cells have?

A

Vacuole, cell wall, chloroplasts

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10
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

It controls all cell activity

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11
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

It controls what enters and leaves the cell

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12
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

Where all chemical reactions take place

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13
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

It helps give plants their shape

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14
Q

What is the function of the vacuole?

A

Contains cell sap

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15
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

Site of photosynthesis

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16
Q

What is used to show parts of the cell more clearly?

A

Stains

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17
Q

What is methylene blue used for?

A

Staining human cheek cells

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18
Q

What is iodine solution used for?

A

To stain onion cells

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19
Q

What is cell division?

A

A means of increasing cells in n organism

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20
Q

Why is cell division essential?

A

To allow organisms to grow and repair

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21
Q

What controls cell division.

A

The nucleus

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22
Q

What is cancer?

A

An uncontrolled division of cells

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23
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

Thread like structures that carry genetic indoor action which determine the correct function and structure of every cell in an organism

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24
How many chromosomes are in normal human body cells?
46
25
How many pairs of chromosomes are in normal human body cells?
2
26
How many chromosomes are in a gamete?
23
27
How many pairs of chromosomes are in a gamete?
1
28
What is mitosis?
Ten process by which the nucleus of a parent cell divides into two daughter nuclei, each of which receives exactly the same number of chromosomes as the original parent cell.
29
During mitosis what happens to the number of cells?
It increases
30
Why is mitosis important?
Mitosis is important as it ensures no genetic info is lost and therefore each of the new daughter cells can grow and develop properly
31
Write down all the stages of mitosis from memory
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32
What causes causes cancer?
The genetic material (DNA) of a cell becomes damaged producing changes in cell growth and division. When this happens cells do not die as the should and extra cells may form a mass of tissue called a tumour
33
What is genetic engineering?
The transfer of genes from one organism to another
34
Write out the stages of genetic engineering
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35
What substances can genetic engineering produce?
Antibiotic, hormones, vaccines, enzymes, anti-viral drugs
36
What is the advantage of substances made by genetic engineering?
These new substances can be produced in large quantities very quickly.
37
What is the function of antibiotic?
To stop bacteria multiplying (penicillin kills bacteria that cause pneumonia and meningitis)
38
What is the function of hormones?
Control of certain body processes (insulin regulates blood sugar)
39
What is the function of vaccines?
To prevent illness happening (mmr vaccine prevents mumps and rubella)
40
What is the function of enzymes?
To speed up chemical reactions (used in washing powders)
41
What is the function of anti-viral drugs?
To stop viruses multiplying (slows down AIDS)
42
What is stem cell therapy?
A set of techniques that aim to replace cells
43
What are stem cells?
Unspecialised cells
44
What are the sources of stem cells?
Embryonic stem cells (extracted from embryos) Adult stem cells (bone marrow, brain and blood) Cord blood stem cells (umbilical cords)
45
Benefits of stem cells
Helps cancer, Parkinson's, stokes, spinal cord injuries, retinal diseases, Alzheimer's, type 1 diabetes
46
What are genes made of?
DNA which carries instructions to make proteins and determine characteristics of an organism
47
What does DNA mean?
Deoxyribose nucleic acid
48
What are sex cells called?
Gametes
49
What is inheritance?
When organisms reproduce, information is passed from parents to offspring on the chromosomes
50
What is genetics?
The study of of inheritance
51
What is phenotype?
The physical characteristics of an organism
52
What is genotype?
The genetic make up of an organism
53
What do all body cells have on their chromosomes?
Two matching sets of genes?
54
What is true breeding?
When one organism is bred with another organism of exactly the same phenotype.
55
What is the P generation?
The original generation
56
What is the F1 generation?
The offspring of the P (first) generation
57
What is the F2 generation?
The offspring of the F1 (second) generation
58
What are alleles?
Different forms of a gene
59
Draw a monohybrid cross
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60
What are the sex chromosomes of a male?
XY
61
What are the sex chromosomes of a female?
XX
62
What is reproduction?
A method of producing new offspring
63
What is asexual reproduction?
a method of reproduction involving only one parent
64
What is sexual reproduction?
A method reproduction involving 2 parents
65
What does asexual reproduction lead to?
Genetically identical offspring (clones) this makes a species less well adapted
66
What does sexual reproduction lead to?
Variation in offspring
67
What are the gametes in plants?
Pollen and ovules
68
What is pollination?
The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma
69
What are the two pollination methods?
Wind | Insect
70
What is fertilisation?
What the nucleus of the male and female cells fuse
71
Why do mammals need internal fertilisation?
Sperm need fluid to swim to the egg
72
What features does an egg cell have?
A food store, it's large, it cannot move
73
What features does a sperm cells have?
Smaller, tail, large number produced
74
What is the function of the ovary?
Site of egg production
75
What is the function of the oviduct
Site of fertilisation
76
What is the function of the uterus
Embryo grows and develops here
77
What is the function of the vagina?
Where sperm are placed
78
What is the function of the testis
Produces sperm
79
What is function of the sperm duct?
Carries sperm from the testis to the penis
80
What is function of the urethra?
A tube which carries sperm and urine out of the penis
81
What is function of the penis?
Places sperm in the female body
82
What is function of the stamen?
Consists of anther and filament
83
What is function of the anther?
Produces male sex cells called pollen
84
What is function of the stigma?
Top of the carpel which collects pollen grains
85
What is function of the ovary (plant)
Produces femAle sex cells called ovules
86
What is function of the ovules?
Female gametes of plant
87
What is function of the sepal?
To protect the unopened bud
88
What is function of the pollens tube?
What does the pollen tube do? It grows down into the ovary. The male nucleus the leaves the pollen grain and travels down the pollen tube into the ovary to reach the female nucleus

Biology S3 (7 decks)

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