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Human Disease & Therapeutics > Final, Test Two > Flashcards

Final, Test Two Flashcards

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1
Q

Common causes that contribute to the formation of atherosclerosis

A
  • Smoking
  • doabetes
  • Lipid deposits in vessel wall
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2
Q

Likely causes of thrombocytopenia

A
  • decreased bone marrow productions
  • Multiple transfusions
  • Immune reaction to platelet autoantibodies
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3
Q

the antidote to heparin is

A

protamine

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4
Q

herparin is given

A

parenteral

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5
Q

list the types of Antihypertensives

A
  • Diuretics
  • Sympathetic Tone
  • Arteriole Dilators
  • Calcium Channel Blockers
  • Angiotensin affectors (block)
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6
Q

List the types of diuretic drugs

A
  • Thiazides (HCTZ)
    • First order
    • K+ imbalances (deficiency- eat bananas)
  • Loop (furosemide)
    • more potent, more side effects
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7
Q

Sympathetic Tone drugs

A
  • Beta blockers
    • olols
  • Alpha 1 blockers (prazosin and phentolamine)
  • Alpha 2 agonists (clonidine common)
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8
Q

Name the three Arteriole Dilators drugs

A
  • Hydralazine, minoxidil (arterioles)
  • Nitroprusside (arterioles and venous)
  • Nitroglycerine (venous)
    • acts via cGMP (increases) not Ca-block
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9
Q

Name the two Calcium Channel Blockers drugs

A
  • Verapamil (note: verapamil is used for HTN, antiarrythmias, and angina)
  • Diltiazem
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10
Q

Name the Angiotensin affector drug

A
  • Captopril (ACE inhibitor)

- block angiotensin 1 from becoming angiotensin 2

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11
Q

Mech of Hydralazine and use

A
  • arteriole (smooth muscle relaxer) dilator

- reduce Hypertension

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12
Q

Mechanism and use of Spironolactone

A
  • aldosterone target, K+ sparing

- reduce Hypertension

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13
Q

Mechanism and use of

diltiazem

A
  • calcium channel blocker
  • relieve angina and reduce hypertension/cardiac arrhythmias
  • treat heart failure
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14
Q

Mechanism and use of mecamylamine

A
  • ganglionic blocker

- reduce hypertension

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15
Q

Mechanism and use of captopril

A
  • angiostensin converting enzyme inhibitor

- reduce hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias

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16
Q

Mechanism and use of atemolol

A
  • selective beta 1 blocker

- reduce hypertension

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17
Q

Mechanism and use of simvastatin

A
  • competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase

- reduce atherosclerosis and angina

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18
Q

Mechanism and use of fenobrate

A
  • increases lipolysis in liver and muscle

- reduce atherosclerosis

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19
Q

Mechanism and use of exetimbe

A
  • inhibits intestinal sterol absorption

- reduce atherosclerosis

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20
Q

Mechanism and use of milrinone

A
  • positive ionotropic caridiac drug

- heart failure

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21
Q

Mechanism and use of dobutamine

A
  • adenoceptor agonist

- reduce hypertension

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22
Q

Mechanism and use of amiodarone

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A
  • prolong refractory period in cardiac muscle

- reduce cardiac arrhythmias

23
Q

Mechanism and use of quinidine

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A
  • Na+ channel blocker

- reduce cardiac arrhythmias

24
Q

Mechanism and use of nitroglycerin

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A
  • metabolize to nitric oxide

- relieve angina and reduce hypertension/heart failure

25
What antiarrhythmic drug is: - “ventricular arrhythmia” - K-channel blocker, prolonged QT interval - Advanced Cardiac Life Support (like a drug difibrilator
Amiodarone
26
Albuterol
Reliever (rapid onset, 4-6 hr effect) -“minor intermittent coughing episodes”
27
Fluticasone
Controllers (corticosteroid) -“chronic severe life-threatening coughing episodes” -moderate severe asthma with greater risk of thrush, hoarseness, an increased infection. Slowed growth in children
28
- inhibit HMG-CoA reductase - rate controlling step for synthesis of LDL - lower LDL 50-60% - side effects rare
Lovastatin
29
``` What antigualant is Intrinsic pathway PTT (partial thromboplastin time) Hospital setting Normal PTT= 25-35 ```
Heparin
30
human insulin from e. coli
humalin
31
- no peaks/valleys | - background insulin
Insuline glargine
32
What type II Biguanides is: - Very popular - MOA poorly understood (decreased glucose production in liver, more insulin binding) - Advantage: insulin sparing (does not provoke hypoglycemia used alone) - Disadvantage: GI irritation
Metformin-Glucophage
33
-Lipase inhibitor
Orlistat
34
Methimazole is used to treat
Graves/Hyperthyroidism
35
``` what weight managment drug is: Weight Management -inhibits NE/DA uptake -dry mouth, HTN, palpitations -interacts with sympathomimetics like epi in anesthetic ```
Phentermine (amphetamine)
36
drug for treating addison's disease
Hydrocortisone
37
Drugs for treating Graves/Hyperthyroidism
Methimazole | Lugol
38
what weight managment drug is: - 5HT2C agonist - suppresses appetite in hypothalamus
Lorcaserin
39
Lugol’s Solution/Potassium Iodide for treater hyperthyroidism
- inhibits organification and hormone release | - used less
40
Drugs for treating Cushings
Ketoconazole Metyrapone Mifepristone
41
Ketoconazole- inhbits
cortisol synthesis
42
Metyrapone- interferes with
corticosteroid synthesis
43
- antagonist at steroid receptor
Mifepristone
44
the effects of insulin is to promote
storage of glucose in cardiac muscle cells
45
Hashimoto’s/Hypothyroidism uses
T3/T4 | -T4 has longer half-life, so usually used for treatment
46
rosiglitazone is a Type II Thiazolidinedione that
reduces insulin resistance (muscle and fat cells)
47
glipizide is a Sulfonylurease that
Increase release of insulin from beta cells
48
Synthroid (T4) treats hypothyriodism by
Activation of nuclear receptors results in gene expression with RNA formation and protein synthesis
49
Lispro works on diabetes by
Rapid-acting insulin, resembles endogenous insulin secretion, taken pre-meal
50
Sitagliptin is a type II debetes drug that works by
DPP-4 inhibitor, slows inactivation of incretin hormones, prolongs action of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Poplypeptide
51
Abciximab is an anti platelet drug that
Inhibits binding of fibrin to platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa – no platelet cross linking
52
Streptokinase is used for
Thrombolytic
53
which anti platlet drug is: -ADP receptor antagonists – no platelet ADP-mediated aggregation
- clopidogrel

Human Disease & Therapeutics (5 decks)

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