Intro to CNS

Question 1

Neurotransmitter binds to and openion channels

Answer 1

Direct Action

Question 2

Neurotransmitter act through intracellular second messengers, usually G protein pathways

Answer 2

Indirect Action

Question 3

Promotes rapid responses byaltering membrane potential

Answer 3

Direct Action

Question 4

Broader, longer=lasting effects

Answer 4

Indirect

Question 5

opens and closes in RESPONSE TO VOLTAGE changes across the membrane

Answer 5

Voltage-gated

Question 6

a hormone, drug or transimitter binds to the protein and the channels opens up

Answer 6

Ligan-gated

Question 7

Na channels, lidocaine are examples of

Answer 7

voltage gated

Question 8

glutamate(AMPA), nicotinic ACh receptors are examples of

Answer 8

ligand-gated

Question 9

Action is immediate and brief

Answer 9

Ionotropic (ligand-gated

Question 10

Not directly linked to ion channels

Answer 10

Metabotropic

Question 11

some are excitatory and open channels forsmall cation

Answer 11

Ionotropic

Question 12

initiates biochemical processes that mediate more long term effects and modify the responsiveness of the neuron

Answer 12

metabotropic

Question 13

some are are inhibitor and allow Cl influx or K efflux to cause hyprerpolarization

Answer 13

ionotropic

Question 14

Neurotransmitter acts as the first messenger which activates a second messenger that in turn changes excitability of a neurons

Answer 14

Metabotropic

Question 15

receptors on an axon terminal through which the neuron’s own neurotransmitter can influence the function of the terminal (usually inhibitory) - for example, D2 receptors

Answer 15

autorecpetor

Question 16

receptors on an axon terminal through which neurotransmitters from other neuronal types can influence the function of the terminal

Answer 16

heteroreceptor

Question 17

Catecholamines

Answer 17

dopamine
norepinephrine
epinephrine

Question 18

Dop.:

tyronsine is converted to DOPA by

Answer 18

tyrosine hydroxylase

Question 19

Dop.:

DOPA is converted to Dopamine by

Answer 19

Aromatic amino acid decaroxylase

Question 20

DA enters a vesicle by way of

Answer 20

VMAT:vesicular mono amine transporter

Question 21

DOPA stands for

Answer 21

dihydroxyphenyl alanine

Question 22

NE:

Starting molecule for NE

Answer 22

tryrosine

Question 23

NE:

Tyrosine is converted to DOPA by

Answer 23

tryosine hydroxylase

Question 24

NE:

DOPA is converted to what by AAAC

Answer 24

Dopamine

Question 25

NE: inside the vesicle, DA is converted to NE by

Answer 25

DbetaH (dopamine beta hydroxylase)

Question 26

Enzyme that catalyzes NE to EPR

Answer 26

PMNT: phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase

Question 27

5HT: starting molecule

Answer 27

tryptophan

Question 28

5HT: tryptophan is converted to 5HTP by

Answer 28

trypotophan hydroxylase

Question 29

5HT: 5HTP is converted to 5HT by

Answer 29

AAAC

Question 30

ACh: Starting molecule

Answer 30

Choline

Question 31

ACh: How is choline turned into ACh

Answer 31

Choline + Acetyl CoA with enzyme choline acetyl trasnferase

Question 32

ACh: What does ACh use to get into the vesicule

Answer 32

Vesicular ACh transporter

Question 33

Enzyme that breaks down ACh

Answer 33

acetylcholinesterase

Question 34

GABA is

Answer 34

inhibitory

Question 35

Glutamate is

Answer 35

excitatoary

Question 36

Starting molecule for glutamate

Answer 36

alpha keto glutarate

Question 37

enzyme for turning alpha keto glutarate into glutamate?

Answer 37

amino transferase

Question 38

name of transporter for putting Glu into a vesicle

Answer 38

vesicular glutame transporter

Question 39

glutamate is turned into glutamine in astrocytes by

Answer 39

glutamine synthetase

Question 40

Starting molecule for GABA

Answer 40

Glutamate

Question 41

GABA is made from glutamate from what enzyme

Answer 41

GAD: glutamate decarboxylase

Question 42

GABA is converted to what in astrocytes?

Answer 42

succinate

Question 43

Gaseous signaling molecule CNS role controversial Relaxes vascular smooth muscle

Answer 43

Nitric Oxide