final three-fossils and fossil groups

Question 1

plesiadapiforms

Answer 1

140 + species thrive in Paleocene (65-53 ma) nocturnal

Question 2

carpolests

Answer 2

is a plesiadapiform, 56 ma not a primate, grasping hands and feet, eyes on sides of head, eyes not fully covered.

Question 3

cynodonts

Answer 3

permian period + triassic period. thrived, 250 ma before dinosaurs, carnivore reptile with fur.

Question 4

omomyids

Answer 4

early haplorrimes. 2.1.4.3 dentition later evolved to have 2.1.3.3 leapt strong, long calcaneus,

Question 5

adapids

Answer 5

early stespirrhines, diurnal, quadrupedal, like modern lemur

Question 6

procunsulids/procunsils

Answer 6

larger brains sexually dimorphic limb proportions similar to modern day quadropedal apes 2.1.2.3 dentition, y-molars 22.5-13.7 ma

Question 7

marotopithecus

Answer 7

20 ma, first suspensory primate, flexible shoulders, no more evidence of suspensory abilities after this for 10 my

Question 8

miocene apes

Answer 8

large diversity, much more robust

Question 9

danuvius

Answer 9

miocene, suspensory and walked upright on branches

Question 10

pierolapithecus

Answer 10

miocene, suspensory with no curved fingers

Question 11

sivapithecus

Answer 11

miocene, looks like an orangutan with a monkey like trunk

Question 12

ardepithecus kadabba

Answer 12

5.8 ma to 5.2 ma, best known by teeth found, Ethiopia, very fragmented, canine honing complex, controversial curved toe

Question 13

ardepithecus ramidus

Answer 13

4.4 Ma well known “Ardi” ,mostly complete individual woods and grassland, Ethiopia

Question 14

Sahelanthropus tchadensis

Answer 14

found in chad, 6.8-7.2 ma

Question 15

orrorin tognensis

Answer 15

“original man” kenya femur bone, lower jaw, finger bone, teeth, might be bipedal

Question 16

Australopithecus anamensis

Answer 16

4.1 ma, limbs, upper and lower jaw, many teeth recovered, half a million years before au. afarensis

Question 17

Australopithecus aferensis

Answer 17

3.6 ma- 3.0 ma well known for specimen found in several sites of Africa, Ethiopia hader is site with lots of remains

Question 18

Lucy

Answer 18

found in 1973 confirmed bipedalism, 3.2 ma

Question 19

dikaka child ; slam

Answer 19

baby/ child, 3.3 ma, brain 75% developed at only 2 to 3 projecting face and flat nose very chimp like

Question 20

kenyanthropus platyops

Answer 20

3.5 ma found lomekwi kenya, broad flat face thick enamel tiny molars, c3/c4 diet like afarensis. tiny brain

Question 21

australopothecus africanus

Answer 21

3.5- 3.2 ma, “taung child” small brain but maybe bipedal

Question 22

australopithecus sediba

Answer 22

2Ma long thumb with long distal phalanx, had strength and dexterity to make tools, hyper iron, not efficient walker/runner

Question 23

australopithecus ghari

Answer 23

2.5 ma larger teeth than a afarensis, small brain but larger side of small

Question 24

Paranthropus aethiopics

Answer 24

3.0 ma to 2.3 ma Eastern Africa, thick cranial bone, saggital crest, small brain prognathic upper jaw

Question 25

Paranthropus boisei

Answer 25

2.3 to 1.3 ma probably Paranthropus aethiopics, upper limb strong, thick cortical bone, skull specifically for chewing, very large molars

Question 26

Paranthropus robustus

Answer 26

1.8 ma to 1 ma South Africa cariant. delay in maturation .strong sexual dimorphism, large jaws and molars with relatively small incisors

Question 27

homo naledi

Answer 27

250 ka, brains 465 to 560 cc lower end for early homo, rising star cave South Africa site, prognathic face, might be purposeful burial, many derived traits and archaic traits, many species in same place.

Question 28

homo habalis/ rudoffensiss

Answer 28

flat faved

Question 29

homo erectus

Answer 29

2 ma Kenya tanzania and South Africa, early homo and homo Erectus coexisted for several hundred thousand years. bigger brain, sexual dimorphism modern limb proportion

Question 30

homo heidelbergensis

Answer 30

Europe and Africa, 1 ma to 500 ka larger brain (1200 to 1300 cc)

Question 31

homo floresiensis

Answer 31

Indonesia they were isolated from Asia and Australia, small skull, many derived features shared with early homo, brain size about the same as australopiths, 3.3 ft tall 385 - 417 cc,, 100ka to 60 ka

Question 32

Homo sapiens

Answer 32

2.6 ma Pleistocene is first appliance, many derived traits from h Erectus

Question 33

ledi Gerardo mandible

Answer 33

dates to about 2.8 ma found in Ethiopia

Question 34

Neanderthals

Answer 34

lived in Western Europe, Asia and levant, 1520 cc long low skull with rounded occipital bone more robust large rounded brow rides (supraorbital) muscular and robust, short arms and legs, short , mode 3 technology, ^15N/^14 N diety/ carnivorous large hunting possible langue LCA with them in 1500- 700 ka

Question 35

Denisovans

Answer 35

denisovan cave in Eurasia 300ka to 55ka confirmed that denisvoans lived in the same place as neanderthals not necessarily at the same time nut still occupied same place. they also have similar life styles to neanderthals.