FINALS 1: HEMOSTASIS

Question 1

• physiologic process
• keeps blood circulating in a fluid state
• causes production of clot during an injury
• confines the clot to the site of injury
• dissolves the blood clot as the wound heals

Answer 1

hemostasis

Question 2

state of balance in the body

Answer 2

homeostasis

Question 3

sequential process where plasma enzymes and cofactors interact to form fibrin clot

Answer 3

coagulation

Question 4

procoagulants; plasma proteins that interact to form a clot

Answer 4

coagulation factors

Question 5

plasma protein that is converted to become a polymer that primarily forms to a clot

Answer 5

fibrinogen

Question 6

• smallest formed element in our blood
• important key player in hemostasis

Answer 6

platelets

Question 7

fibrin digestion for the removal of fibrin clot as the wound heals

Answer 7

fibrinolysis

Question 8

during fibrinolysis, when there is deficiency of pro-coagulants there is

Answer 8

bleeding

Question 8

during coagulation, if there is deficiency of anti-coagulants it will lead to

Answer 8

thrombosis

Question 9

initial response of the body when there is an injury

Answer 9

vasoconstriction

Question 9

initial response of the body when there is inflammation

Answer 9

vasodilation

Question 10

• slows down the blood flow in the sites of injury
• provides the blood the opportunity to be confined inside the blood vessel wall

Answer 10

vasoconstriction

Question 10

end formation of the 3 pathways

Answer 10

formation of fibrin clot

Question 11

what phase is the arteriolar vasoconstriction

Answer 11

vascular phase

Question 11

what phase is where the plts go to intrinsic, extrinsic, and common pathway

Answer 11

coagulation activation

Question 11

what phase is the platelet plug formation

Answer 11

platelet formation

Question 12

what phase is the breakdown of the fibrin clot and gradual restoration of normal blood flow

Answer 12

fibrinolysis

Question 12

what phase is when there is fibrin strands formation and trapping of blood cells, plts, proteins in the fibrin strand

Answer 12

clot formation and stabilization

Question 13

activator of primary hemostasis

Answer 13

desquamation
blood vessel injury

Question 14

key players of primary hemostasis

Answer 14

vascular intima
platelets

Question 15

timing of primary hemostasis

Answer 15

rapid, short-lived

Question 15

mechanism of primary hemostasis

Answer 15

pro-coagulant substance exposed or released by damaged or activated endothelial cells

Question 16

initial response to vascular injury

Answer 16

primary hemostasis

Question 17

end product of primary hemostasis

Answer 17

platelet plug formation

Question 18

- needed for collagen formation - important component if blood vessel - provides structure - w/o collagen blood vessel is fragile

Answer 18

vitamin c

Question 19

it is produced during secondary hemostasis

Answer 19

fibrin strands

Question 19

participatory during large or deep injuries

Answer 19

secondary hemostasis

Question 19

activator of secondary hemostasis

Answer 19

tissue factor

Question 19

key players of secondary hemostasis

Answer 19

platelets coagulation system

Question 20

end product of secondary hemostasis

Answer 20

fibrin clot

Question 20

timing of secondary hemostasis

Answer 20

delayed, long term

Question 21

mechanism of secondary hemostasis

Answer 21

tissue factor exposed on cell membrane

Question 22

are small, pinpoint spots less than 3mm in diameter

Answer 22

petechiae

Question 22

a clot that has been dislodged from the blood vessel and travels through the circulation that may reach the lungs and brain and cause blockage in the area

Answer 22

embolus

Question 22

a clot confined within the blood vessel

Answer 22

thrombus

Question 23

are larger than petechiae and are between 3 and 10mm in diameter

Answer 23

purpura

Question 23

- 'nose bleed' - deep tissue bleeding - deficiency in coagulation factor

Answer 23

epistaxis

Question 23

leakage of blood in the nearby tissues

Answer 23

hematoma

Question 23

is a large, flat area of bleeding under the skin measuring more than 10mm in diameter and is the medical term for a bruise

Answer 23

ecchymosis

Question 24

bleeding in joints

Answer 24

hemarthrosis

Question 24

bleeding in the anus that causes black and tarry stool contains partially digested blood

Answer 24

melena

Question 24

- coughing with blood - common in px with tuberculosis

Answer 24

hemoptysis

Question 25

bleeding in GIT that vomits bright red blood but due to exposure to gastric acid it oxidizes hemoglobin --> coffee grounds

Answer 25

hematemesis

Question 26

excessive menstruation

Answer 26

menorrhagia

Question 27

tunica intima is composed of

Answer 27

endothelial cells subendothelial matrix

Question 27

what muscle contacts when injury occurs

Answer 27

smooth muscles

Question 28

- most external layer - provides support to the entire blood vessel

Answer 28

tunica externa

Question 28

- important activator of primary hemostasis - make blood in liquid form

Answer 28

collagen

Question 28

this blood vessel is the most active during hemostasis

Answer 28

tunica intima

Question 28

this is where the actual vessels through which the blood flows

Answer 28

vascular component - arteries - capillaries - veins

Question 28

produces collagen

Answer 28

fibrinoblasts

Question 29

- tissue surrounding the blood vessel - provides a back pressure through swelling and the trapping of escaped blood

Answer 29

extravascular component

Question 30

1. collagen rich 2. immune response, vascular permeability, proliferation, and hemostasis a. endothelial cells b. subendothelial matrix

Answer 30

1. b 2. a

Question 31

anticoagulant properties

Answer 31

- rhomboid and contiguous - physical barrier - negatively charged surface

Question 32

procoagulant properties

Answer 32

- vasoconstriction - subendothelial matrix exposure - adhesive molecules - tissue factor exposure

Question 33

fibrinolytic properties

Answer 33

- tissue plasminogen activator secretion - regulatory mechanism: thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor