finals

Question 1

inflammation of the meninges

Answer 1

Meningitis

Question 2

Found in the brain
Protective layers which can surround the brain and spinal cord

Answer 2

Meninges

Question 3

benign type of meningitis

Answer 3

Viral meningitis

Question 4

A type of meningitis that if not given medical attention, can be fatal

Answer 4

Bacterial meningitis

Question 5

Meningitis that occurs in immunocompromised patients

Answer 5

Fungal meningitis

Question 6

Organism that is rare but fatal

Answer 6

Naegleria fowleri

Question 7

Occurs in children and teens (60%), adults (20%)

Answer 7

Neisseira meningitidis (meningoccoccus)

Question 8

Occurs in newborns and infants (45%), adults (60%), senior citizens (70%)

Answer 8

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus)

Question 9

The previously most common cause of meningitis (before vaccine)

Answer 9

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 10

• 70% cases in newborns

Answer 10

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus)

Question 11

• gold standard and most definitive test for diagnosing meningitis

Answer 11

Lumbar Puncture

Question 12

protects the spinal cord; acts to help remove waste products

Answer 12

CSF

Question 13

• assess complications like cerebral edema or hydrocephalus (abnormal buildup of CSF)

Answer 13

Imaging Studies

Question 14

A patient with autoimmune disease can acquire meningitis

Question 15

Antimicrobial therapy for Bacterial meningitis

Answer 15

broad spectrum antibiotics and corticosteroids (for inflammation)

Question 16

Antimicrobial therapy for Viral meningitis

Answer 16

antiviral medications and pain relievers

Question 17

Antimicrobial therapy for Fungal meningitis

Answer 17

antifungal therapies

Question 18

• first line treatment for meningitis

Answer 18

BROAD-SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS

Question 19

reserved for severe infections or those resistant to other antibiotics

Answer 19

Vancomycin

Question 20

serious side effect of Vancomycin

Answer 20

TEN SJS (Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis ; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome)

Question 21

cytomegalovirus meningitis– occurs in patients with weakened immune system

Answer 21

Ganciclovir (Cytovene) or Foscarnet (Foscavir)

Question 22

for meningitis caused by herpes simplex virus

Answer 22

Acyclovir (Zovirax)

Question 23

used as mainstay for decades; quite toxic and requires intravenous administration

Answer 23

Amphotericin B

Question 24

given in combination with amphotericin b to improve effectiveness and potentially shorten treatment duration

Answer 24

Flucytosine

Question 25

given when amphotericin b is not tolerated; not effective for all types of fungal infections

Answer 25

Fluconazole

Question 26

virus that attacks the body’s immune system

Answer 26

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Question 27

most advanced stage of HIV infection

Answer 27

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Question 28

improved survival rates and reduced the number of AIDS-related deaths.

Answer 28

Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)

Question 29

a global health concern with over 38 million people infected in 2022

Answer 29

HIV/AIDS

Question 30

Initial stage manifestations for HIV

Answer 30

fever sore throat fatigue swollen lymph nodes

Question 31

Opportunistic Infections of HIV

Answer 31

Pneumonia Tuberculosis Kaposi’s sarcoma

Question 32

Advanced stages Manifestations of HIV

Answer 32

Wasting syndrome Neurological Complications Dementia Neuropathy Severe Diarrhea

Question 33

enzyme responsible for the maturation of virus (HIV)

Answer 33

protease

Question 34

enzyme that allows virus to insert its genetic material to the host

Answer 34

integrase

Question 35

PRINCIPLES OF ART

Answer 35

Individualized Therapy Combination Therapy Adherence Monitoring and Adjustment

Question 36

Common AEs of antiretroviral drugs

Answer 36

GI disturbances such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea

Question 37

Rare but Serious AEs of Antiretroviral drugs

Answer 37

liver toxicity bone marrow suppression pancreatitis

Question 38

- a respiratory illness caused by the haemophilus influenzae virus

Answer 38

INFLUENZA

Question 39

Classification of Influenza known to have caused pandemics

Answer 39

Type A

Question 40

Class of Influenza that infects humans

Answer 40

Type A, Type B

Question 41

Class of Influenza that is not common

Answer 41

Type C

Question 42

Class of Influenza that does not typically infect people, but rather infects cattles

Answer 42

Type D

Question 43

Symptoms of Influenza

Answer 43

Fever Cough Sore throat Body aches (body malaise) Headaches

Question 44

was also given to patients infected with COVID

Answer 44

Favipiravir

Question 45

best prevention for influenza 6 months older

Answer 45

Vaccination

Question 46

enzyme essential for the replication of influenza virus

Answer 46

polymerase

Question 47

enzyme responsible for the release of newly formed influenza viruses

Answer 47

neuraminidase

Question 48

protein involved in the acidification of the viral interior

Answer 48

m2 protein

Question 49

- two influenza A and one influenza B strains

Answer 49

Trivalent Inactivated Vaccine

Question 50

two influenza A and two influenza B strains

Answer 50

Quadrivalent Inactivated Vaccine

Question 51

- weakened, live influenza virus that do not cause disease but stimulate immune response

Answer 51

Live Attenuated Vaccine

Question 52

- produced without the use of influenza viruses or eggs; suitable for those with egg allergies

Answer 52

Recombinant Influenza Vaccine