(FINALS) ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Question 1

refers to a goal or vision, to an attempt to steer a process, to the applications of a set of tools, to a philosophical exercise seeking to establish new perspectives towards the environment and human societies (Barrow, 2005).

Answer 1

Environmental Management

Question 2

generally described as all abiotic and biotic components of the environment that are used or can be used in the economic system.

For example, soil, water, mineral, hydrogen, oxygen, trees, and animals.

Answer 2

environmental resources

Question 3

A. environmental resources

Answer 3

1. renewable resources
2. non-renewable resources
3. recyclable
4. non-recyclable

Question 4

• reproducible and in principle could be maintained perpetually
• forests, animals, and water

(hydropower energy, solar energy, biomass energy, wind energy, geothermal energy)

Answer 4

renewable resources

Question 5

• can be regenerated, or the regeneration takes place so slowly that it will not significantly increase the stock of resources in any reasonable time span.
• oil, gas and minerals

(coal and nuclear)

Answer 5

non-renewable resources

Question 6

• resources that do not lose their properties when they are used in economic processes, thus can be reused in the economic system
• minerals, paper, and glass
• In theory, 100% of these resources could be recycled but for economic reasons only a fraction is recycled.

Answer 6

recyclable

Question 7

• these resources are finite in the sense that once used, their stock is no more available for future use
• coal, gas, and oil
• also include single use items

Answer 7

non-recyclable

Question 8

Considering the stages of development, environmental resources may also be referred to in the following ways:

Answer 8

1. potential resource
2. actual resource
3. reserve resource

Question 9

• Resources that exist in a region and may be used in the future.
• For example, petroleum may exist in many parts of India, but until the time it is drilled out and put into use, it remains a potential resource.

Answer 9

potential resource

Question 10

• resources that have been surveyed, their quantity and quality determined and are being used in present times.
• The development of this resource, such as wood processing depends upon the technology available and the cost involved.

Answer 10

actual resource

Question 11

The part of an actual resource which can be developed profitably in the future.

Answer 11

reserve resource

Question 12

B. management entities

Answer 12

1. government
2. industry
3. community
4. research and educational institutions
5. church

Question 13

Individuals or groups that are responsible for environmental resource management

Answer 13

management entities

Question 14

• provides the legal bases for managing the environment
• they formulate and implement laws, policies, presidential decrees, prohibitions, and penalties regarding the use of environmental resources

Answer 14

government

Question 15

• use environmental appropriate methods, meeting legal requirements, and taking proactive attitude towards using sound environmental management practices
• The _________ is a cycle involved in programs of organizations to meet their obligations to the environment since all activities are linked to the environment

1. _________: natural resources
2. _________: waste generated (solid waste, air pollution, noise pollution)
3. _________: land, air, or water pollution

• Investors should be encouraged to cooperate and establish a recycling unit to reuse/recycle the waste and produce raw materials/products that can be sold
• Applications of __________ concept as a potential method to help the construction industry to become a sustainable responsible business

Answer 15

INDUSTRY

• Environmental Management System (EMS)

1. raw materials: natural resources
2. production: waste generated (solid waste, air pollution, noise pollution)
3. transport: land, air, or water pollution

• Industrial Ecology (IE)

Question 16

• take responsibility for actions, active involvement in managing the environment, “thinking global and acting local”
• should practice discipline, active participation, and overall respect

Answer 16

community

Question 17

• information dissemination, data on environmental status, providing advice, participating in management initiatives
• Research institutes and universities should develop solutions to existing environmental problems and promote the concept of sustainable development

Answer 17

research and educational institutions

Question 18

• the responsibility to God as the Creator has been a powerful incentive to pro environmental concerns
• tasked to remind, set examples, and initiate environmental project

Answer 18

church

Question 19

C. management principles

Answer 19

1. environmentally sustainable development
2. precautionary principle
3. intergenerational equity
4. environmental considerations in decision-making
5. conservation of biodiversity and ecological integrity
6. improved valuation, pricing, and incentive mechanisms

Question 20

• Using, conserving, and enhancing the community’s resources so that ecological processes, on which life depends, are maintained, and the total quality of life, now and in the future can be increased
• Meeting current needs without compromising future needs, which also means economic improvement for the world’s poorest populations is possible without devastating the environment (Cunningham, 2015)

Answer 20

Environmentally Sustainable Development

Question 21

• Involves actions that could prevent any harm to the environment
• Emphasis must be placed on anticipation and prevention of environmental damage
• _______ affects how science is conducted; how products, production processes, and activities are designed; how information is weighed in deciding, and who is involved in the decision process, all of which are designed to prevent environmental problems

Answer 21

precautionary principle
- Precaution

Question 22

• The present generation should ensure that the health, diversity, and productivity of the environment is maintained or enhanced for the benefit of future generations.
• This represents a widely recognized principle of international environmental law providing for the preservation of natural resources and the environment for the benefit of future generations
• Example: Paris Agreement: An environmental agreement signed in 2015 by almost all countries, agreeing to cut down on greenhouse gas emissions, lowering the global temperature, reducing the negative impacts of climate change, thereby preserving the environment for future generations.

Answer 22

intergenerational equity

Question 23

• This pertains to the government, industrial, and business sectors that should always take into consideration the impact of their decisions on the environment.
• this is like precautionary principle but concentrates more on major projects and actions
• The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)) is designed for this purpose; to evaluate the impact of a project on the environment, society, and health.
• Example: The proposal to build a dam should be reviewed carefully in the context of its impact on the environment

Answer 23

Environmental Considerations in Decision-making

Question 24

• all environmental principles boil down to this fundamental principle
• biological diversity is especially important for maintaining the balance in ecosystems
• the future of the earth and all generations to come rely on biodiversity

Answer 24

Conservation of Biodiversity and Ecological Integrity

Question 25

- These mechanisms would enable environmental factors to be included in the valuation of goods and service - _______ helps to manage environmental risks; and reflect the trade-offs and complementarities between environmental benefits and other forms of economic and social activities

Answer 25

Improved Valuation, Pricing, and Incentive Mechanisms - Valuation

Question 26

________: steps involved in carrying out an environmental management project. It includes the elements of an ______________ (Required by ________: This sets out criteria for an environmental management system and can be certified to. The latest being the ________)

Answer 26

MANAGEMENT MODELS - Environmental Management Program Work Plan (ISO 14001) - ISO 14005:2019

Question 27

D. management models

Answer 27

1. objective 2. targets 3. personnel 4. tasks 5. schedule

Question 28

- primary aim of a proposed environmental management program. - It includes the associated activity, its environmental aspect, the environmental impact, and possibly even the element of environmental policy that the environmental management program is related to

Answer 28

objective

Question 29

- This refers to the activities that need to be done to achieve the objective. - It also includes the performance indicators and time frame associated with the targets. - The Environmental Management System (EMS) Committee could also choose to include an explanation of why that particular target was selected, how it fits into a sequence of targets, and how it relates to other environmental targets of the enterprise.

Answer 29

targets

Question 30

- This refers to the management entities responsible for carrying out the overall program and its principal elements, and for achieving the targets and objective. - These responsible people should not be confused with employees who may carry out specific tasks under their supervision.

Answer 30

personnel

Question 31

- A description of the basic tasks, in sequence including, for each task, who does what, the time in which it is done, reports and other documents (such as procedures and work instruction) to be generated, and the expected results.

Answer 31

tasks

Question 32

- This refers to the timeframe for achieving the target and objective. - The only way to figure this out is to estimate, task-by-task, the time required. - Task- by-task schedule will be needed to make revisions in the work plan later - Schedule information could be represented as a bar chart or critical-path graphic.

Answer 32

schedule

Question 33

methods or processes used to ensure proper environmental management from all management entities.

Answer 33

management mechanisms

Question 34

E. management mechanisms

Answer 34

1. acts and regulations 2. treaties and agreements 3. policies and guidelines 4. principles 5. strategies and plans 6. licenses and permits

Question 35

- _____ are legislations passed by the parliament and contain specific regulations or guidelines on how an Act is to be applied - Example: _______ or _______

Answer 35

- Acts - Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act acts and regulation

Question 36

- contracts between two or more management entities, whether national or international - Example: Montreal Protocol. Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, and the Philippine Multilateral Environmental Agreement (MEA)

Answer 36

treaties and agreements

Question 37

- sets of sets of statements and plans on what to do in a particular situation, and has been agreed upon by a ruling body - Example: _______ or the __________ that contains guidelines on how to protect the right of the people to a healthy environment by requiring an environmental impact assessment (EIA) or environmental impact statement (EIS)

Answer 37

policies and guidelines - PD1151 or Philippine Environmental Policy

Question 38

- concepts that guide and help understand environmental processes - Examples: Precautionary Principle

Answer 38

principles

Question 39

- formulated before the implementation of a project to reduce the impact on the environment - Example: A plan to incorporate the costs of waste management in the operations budget of the company

Answer 39

strategies and plans

Question 40

- These are written promises to carry out an activity in accordance to laws - Example: Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) is issued if the environmental impact of a proposed project has been addressed or managed

Answer 40

licenses and permits

Question 41

- the objective of sustainable development - use but not abuse

Answer 41

environmental conservation

Question 42

- use of the environment for aesthetic purposes only - No part of the environment should be used for other purposes.

Answer 42

environmental preservation

Question 43

entails the cooperation between and among national and international management entities in order to conserve and preserve the environment as guided by the various environmental principles, models, and mechanisms

Answer 43

Environmental Resource Management