FINALS: EXTRAINTESTINAL CESTODES Flashcards by Sunwoo's Berry

 “Dog tapeworm/hydatid tapeworm”
 Shortest tapeworm
 Zoonotic disease
 Adult worms inhabit the small
intestines of canines
 Unilocular hydatid cyst
 Accidental host – humans

Echinococcus granulosus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

 Identical to Taenia
 Accidentally ingested by humans

Echinococcus granulosus OVA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

 Larval stage
 Diagnostic stage
 Found in human tissues
 Unilocular/granular
 1-7cm in diameter and grows 1-5cm in
diameter per year
 Protoscolices may be found in brood
capsules, which contain only the
germinal layer, and daughter cysts
which are replicas of the mother cysts
 Brood capsules
o Rupture and release protoscolices
 Hydatid sand
o Protoscolices and brood capsules that lie free in the cysts

Echinococcus granulosus HYDATID CYST

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

is a parasite larvae that
develop into adult worm; before pa
maging scolex
 Up to 2 million

Protoscolices

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Echinococcus granulosus DH?

DOGS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Echinococcus granulosus IH?

GOAT
HORSE
CAMEL
SHEEP

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

o Caused by developing
larval cyst in tissues
o Ingestion of
embryonated eggs
o Involvement:
 Liver –
common site
 Lungs
 Brain
 Orbit
 Cyst may rupture (CAN CAUSE METASTASIS) through coughing, muscle strain, trauma, aspiration, operative procedure
- o May cause metastasis
and will develop into
secondary cysts within
2-8 years

Human cystic echinococcosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Allergic symptoms/anaphylaxis LIVER?

JAUNDICE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Allergic symptoms/anaphylaxis BRAIN??

EPILEPSY

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Allergic symptoms/anaphylaxis KIDNEY?

HEMATURIA AND KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

 Examination of hydatid cyst

o Radiography
o Ultrasonography

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

 Serologic tests

o Indirect Hemagglutination (IHA)
o Indirect Fluorescence Antibody (IFA)
o Enzyme Immunoassays (EIA)
o Can result to false-positive findings

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

o Intradermal/skin test

Casoni (INTRADERMAL SKIN) test

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

o Produced during infection

Anti – P1 antibodies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

 Small (<7cm in diameter)

ALBENDAZOLE
MEBENDAZOLE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Large (>10cm in diameter)

Surgical resection

 Multiple cyst

o PAIR
 Percutaneous puncture
 Aspiration of cystic fluid
 Injection of protoscolicidal agent
(e.g., 95% ethanol or
hypertonic saline) for
at least 15 minutes
 Re-aspiration

 “Fox tapeworm”
 Zoonotic, similar structure with E.
granulosus
 Multiocular/alveolar cysts
 Definitive host – foxes
 Intermediate host – rodents

Echinococcus multiocularis

the cyst that can be for in Echinococcus multiocularis

Multiocular/alveolar cysts

Multiocular/alveolar cysts can cause>?

ALVEOLAR ECHINOCOCCOSIS

 Under the order Pseudophyllidean
 Human involved:
o Spirometra mansoni
o Spirometra erinacei
o Spirometra ranarum

SPIROMETRA SPP.

 Ingested by 1st IH

CORACIDIUM

o In 1st IH

Procercoid

o Aka sparganum
o In 2nd IH

Plerocercoid

 Intermediate hosts S. spp

o 1st: Copepods  Cyclops o 2nd  Frogs, snakes, chickens, fish

SPIROMETRA SPP. DH?

DOGS AND CATS

SPIROMETRA SPP. PARATENIC HOST

WILD PIGS

o Larval infection specifically the plerocercoid larvae o Infection via:  Drinking water containing Cyclops and copepods infected with procercoid larvae  Eating 2nd IH infected with plerocercoid larvae  Applying plerocercoid infected flesh of frogs and snakes as poultices on sores on the eye, vagina, and skin resulting in subsequent penetration into cutaneous tissues  Consumption of paratenic hosts

Sparganosis

TREATMENT FOR S. SPP?

 Surgical removal of larvae – main form of treatment  Praziquantel is also recommended but the efficacy is not yet proven

S. SPP Plerocercoid larvae can live up

20 YEARS

o Sparganum can be found in any part of the body  Migrating tumor:  Painful edema due to larvae migration o Local infection cause

Urticaria, erythema, chills, fever,

IDENTIFY:  Rostellum: unarmed  Segments (gravid proglottids): spiral uterus  Length: similar but shorter than D. latum  Eggs: operculated and immature similar to D. latum

Spirometra spp.

IDENTIFY:  Scolex: pyriform with short neck with four acetabula  Rostellum: 30-36 hooks  Length: 3-6mm  Strobila: three proglottids - immature, mature, and gravid (widest and longest)

Echinococcus granulosus