FINALS: EXTRAINTESTINAL CESTODES

Question 1

 “Dog tapeworm/hydatid tapeworm”
 Shortest tapeworm
 Zoonotic disease
 Adult worms inhabit the small
intestines of canines
 Unilocular hydatid cyst
 Accidental host – humans

Answer 1

Echinococcus granulosus

Question 2

 Identical to Taenia
 Accidentally ingested by humans

Answer 2

Echinococcus granulosus OVA

Question 3

 Larval stage
 Diagnostic stage
 Found in human tissues
 Unilocular/granular
 1-7cm in diameter and grows 1-5cm in
diameter per year
 Protoscolices may be found in brood
capsules, which contain only the
germinal layer, and daughter cysts
which are replicas of the mother cysts
 Brood capsules
o Rupture and release protoscolices
 Hydatid sand
o Protoscolices and brood capsules that lie free in the cysts

Answer 3

Echinococcus granulosus HYDATID CYST

Question 4

is a parasite larvae that
develop into adult worm; before pa
maging scolex
 Up to 2 million

Answer 4

Protoscolices

Question 5

Echinococcus granulosus DH?

Answer 5

DOGS

Question 6

Echinococcus granulosus IH?

Answer 6

• GOAT
• HORSE
• CAMEL
• SHEEP

Question 7

o Caused by developing
larval cyst in tissues
o Ingestion of
embryonated eggs
o Involvement:
 Liver –
common site
 Lungs
 Brain
 Orbit
 Cyst may rupture (CAN CAUSE METASTASIS) through coughing, muscle strain, trauma, aspiration, operative procedure
- o May cause metastasis
and will develop into
secondary cysts within
2-8 years

Answer 7

Human cystic echinococcosis

Question 8

Allergic symptoms/anaphylaxis LIVER?

Answer 8

JAUNDICE

Question 9

Allergic symptoms/anaphylaxis BRAIN??

Answer 9

EPILEPSY

Question 10

Allergic symptoms/anaphylaxis KIDNEY?

Answer 10

HEMATURIA AND KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION

Question 11

 Examination of hydatid cyst

Answer 11

o Radiography
o Ultrasonography

Question 12

 Serologic tests

Answer 12

o Indirect Hemagglutination (IHA)
o Indirect Fluorescence Antibody (IFA)
o Enzyme Immunoassays (EIA)
o Can result to false-positive findings

Question 13

o Intradermal/skin test

Answer 13

Casoni (INTRADERMAL SKIN) test

Question 14

o Produced during infection

Answer 14

Anti – P1 antibodies

Question 15

 Small (<7cm in diameter)

Answer 15

• ALBENDAZOLE
• MEBENDAZOLE

Question 16

Large (>10cm in diameter)

Answer 16

Surgical resection

Question 17

 Multiple cyst

Answer 17

o PAIR
 Percutaneous puncture
 Aspiration of cystic fluid
 Injection of protoscolicidal agent
(e.g., 95% ethanol or
hypertonic saline) for
at least 15 minutes
 Re-aspiration

Question 18

 “Fox tapeworm”
 Zoonotic, similar structure with E.
granulosus
 Multiocular/alveolar cysts
 Definitive host – foxes
 Intermediate host – rodents

Answer 18

Echinococcus multiocularis

Question 19

the cyst that can be for in Echinococcus multiocularis

Answer 19

Multiocular/alveolar cysts

Question 20

Multiocular/alveolar cysts can cause>?

Answer 20

ALVEOLAR ECHINOCOCCOSIS

Question 21

 Under the order Pseudophyllidean
 Human involved:
o Spirometra mansoni
o Spirometra erinacei
o Spirometra ranarum

Answer 21

SPIROMETRA SPP.

Question 22

 Ingested by 1st IH

Answer 22

CORACIDIUM

Question 23

o In 1st IH

Answer 23

Procercoid

Question 24

o Aka sparganum
o In 2nd IH

Answer 24

Plerocercoid

Question 25

 Intermediate hosts S. spp

Answer 25

o 1st: Copepods
 Cyclops
o 2nd
 Frogs, snakes,
chickens, fish

Question 26

SPIROMETRA SPP. DH?

Answer 26

DOGS AND CATS

Question 27

SPIROMETRA SPP. PARATENIC HOST

Answer 27

WILD PIGS

Question 28

o Larval infection specifically the plerocercoid larvae
o Infection via:
 Drinking water containing Cyclops and copepods infected with procercoid larvae
 Eating 2nd IH infected
with plerocercoid
larvae
 Applying plerocercoid
infected flesh of frogs
and snakes as poultices on sores on the eye, vagina, and skin resulting in subsequent penetration into cutaneous tissues
 Consumption of paratenic hosts

Answer 28

Sparganosis

Question 29

TREATMENT FOR S. SPP?

Answer 29

 Surgical removal of larvae – main form of treatment
 Praziquantel is also recommended but the efficacy is not yet proven

Question 30

S. SPP Plerocercoid larvae can live up

Answer 30

20 YEARS

Question 31

o Sparganum can be found in any part of the body
 Migrating tumor:
 Painful edema
due to larvae migration
o Local infection cause

Answer 31

Urticaria, erythema, chills, fever,

Question 32

IDENTIFY:
 Rostellum: unarmed
 Segments (gravid proglottids): spiral
uterus
 Length: similar but shorter than D.
latum
 Eggs: operculated and immature
similar to D. latum

Answer 32

Spirometra spp.

Question 33

IDENTIFY:
 Scolex: pyriform with short neck with
four acetabula
 Rostellum: 30-36 hooks
 Length: 3-6mm
 Strobila: three proglottids - immature,
mature, and gravid (widest and
longest)

Answer 33

Echinococcus granulosus