PRELIM LAB : PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF STOOL

Question 1

________ are usually found in FULLY FORMED specimens.

Answer 1

CYSTS

Question 2

_______may be found in either liquid or formed stools, but as the liquid stool is usually very dilute, they may often be difficult to detect in such specimens.

Answer 2

HELMINTH EGGS

Question 3

________are usually found in liquid or soft stools, but almost never in fully formed ones.

Answer 3

TROPHOZOITES

Question 4

Freshly passed specimens are essential for the detection of trophic amoebae or flagellates. Therefore, all liquid or soft stools must be examined within ______hour of the time of passage or preserved in an appropriate manner.

Answer 4

1/2 (30 minutes)

Question 5

Fecal specimens should never be incubated at 37°C; this will promote disintegration of trophozoites and cysts
and maturation and hatching of hookworm eggs.

T OR F?

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

Gross Stool examination includes:

Answer 6

 Color
 Quantity
 Consistency
 Odor
 Mucous

Question 7

frequently reported

Answer 7

Consistency & color

Question 8

The chemical responsible for the normal brown color of the human excreta is the ____________from stercobilinogen.

Answer 8

STERCOBILIN

Question 9

COLOR:
normal color due to oxidation of bile pigments

Answer 9

BROWN, DARK BROWN OR YELLOW-BROWN

Question 10

COLOR:
- ingestion of chocolate or cocoa
- Steatorrhea

Answer 10

GRAY COLOR

Question 11

COLOR:
- iron or bismuth ingestion
- bleeding from the upper GI tract
- black tarry stool (MELENA)

Answer 11

BLACK

Question 12

COLOR:
- diet high on meat

Answer 12

VERY DARK BROWN

Question 13

COLOR:
- diet high in beats, laxatives of vegetable origin
- bleeding from the lower GI tract (recent)

Answer 13

RED COLOR

Question 14

COLOR:
- diet high on spinach, green vegetables
- possible Pseudomonas infection

Answer 14

GREEN or YELLOW-GREEN

Question 15

COLOR:
- may indicate breakdown of hemoglobin

Answer 15

RUST COLOR

Question 16

COLOR:
- may indicate pus

Answer 16

YELLOW COLOR

Question 17

QUANTITY:
Normally there is _________ g/day.

Answer 17

100 to 200

Question 18

The ____ of your stool has more to do
with how well you digest your foods than how much you eat.

Answer 18

size

Question 19

CONSISTENCY TYPE:
- separate hard lumps, like nuts (hard to pass)
- severe CONSTIPATION

Answer 19

TYPE 1

Question 20

CONSISTENCY TYPE:
- sausage-shaped but lumpy
- mild CONSTIPATION

Answer 20

TYPE 2

Question 21

CONSISTENCY TYPE:
- like a sausage but with crack on its surface
- NORMAL

Answer 21

TYPE 3

Question 22

CONSISTENCY TYPE:
- like a sausage or snake, smooth and soft
- NORMAL

Answer 22

TYPE 4

Question 23

CONSISTENCY TYPE:
- soft blobs with clear-cut edges (passed easily)
- lacks fiber in diet

Answer 23

TYPE 5

Question 24

CONSISTENCY TYPE:
- fluffy pieces with ragged edges, mushy stool
- mild DIARRHEA

Answer 24

TYPE 6

Question 25

CONSISTENCY TYPE: - watery, no solid pieces; entirely liquid - SEVERE DIARRHEA

Answer 25

TYPE 7

Question 26

The FOUL ODOR is caused by the ______________ and by EXCESSIVE INTAKE of ________

Answer 26

UNDIGESTED PROTEIN; CARBOHYDRATE

Question 27

A BAD ODOR which is sickly produced by undigested__________ and __________

Answer 27

LACTOSE; FATTY ACIDS

Question 28

Pure mucous is translucent gelatinous material clinging to the surface of the stool. This may be seen in:

Answer 28

 Severe constipation  Mucous colitis  Excessive straining of the stool  emotionally unstable patient

Question 29

Mucous in diarrhea with microscopically present with RBCs and WBCs is seen in:

Answer 29

 Bacillary dysentery  Ulcerative colitis  Intestinal tuberculosis  amoebiasis  Enteritis  Acute diverticulitis  ulcerating malignancy of the colon

Question 30

Mucus with blood which is clinging to stool is seen in:

Answer 30

 Malignancies of the colon  Inflammatory lesion of rectal canal

Question 31

An excessive amount of mucus seen in:

Answer 31

 Villous adenoma of the colon