PRELIM LEC 2: THE AMEBAS Flashcards
INTESTINAL AMEBAE
Entamoeba histolytica
COMMENSAL AMEBAE
- Entamoeba hartmanni
- Entamoeba coli
- Entamoeba polecki
- Entamoeba gingivalis
- Entamoeba nana
- Entamoeba butschii
- Entamoeba dispar
FREE-LIVING PATHOGENIC AMEBAE
- Naegleria fowleri
- Acanthamoeba spp.
INTESTINAL AMEBAE
- Pseudopod/false tail (for motility): forming non-flagellated protozoan parasite
- MOST INVASIVE
- Only member to cause colitis and liver abscess
- Capable of ERYTHROPHAGOCYTOSIS (being able to engulf RBCs)
Entamoeba histolytica
what stage in Entamoeba histolytica
is where it can cause disease
MOT: INGESTION can withstand the acid and will go directly to small intestines
Entamoeba histolytica MATURE QUADRINUCLEATED CYST
IN EXCYSTATION , 1 CYST CAN TRANSFORM INTO HOW MANY TROPHOZOITE?
8 TROPHOZOITES
process how the parasite will multiply
Binary Fission
- INGEST/ENGULF RBC (erythrocytes)
Motility: PROGRESSIVE, unidirectional HYALINE FINGERLIKE /blade pseudopod - Nucleus: single, eccentric
- Peripheral Chromatin (PC): fine, uniform (distinguishing uniform)
- Karyosome (K): small, central
- Cytoplasm: fine, granular, GROUND GLASS appearance, ingested RBC
Entamoeba histolytica TROPHOZOITE
Shape: spherical
Nucleus: 1-4
PC: fine, uniform
K: small, central, ‘’bull’s’’ eye appearance
Cytoplasm: with a rod-shaped (or cigar-shaped) chromatid bars
Entamoeba histolytica CYST
Production of enzymes or other cytotoxic substances.
PATHOGENESIS
Entamoeba histolytica CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
o flask shape ulceration
o typical for Entamoeba histolytica
AMOEBIC ULCER
Entamoeba histolytica CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- masses sa intestinal lumen, or nana
- can be viewed through ENDOSCOPY
AMEBOMA
Entamoeba histolytica CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
o bloody diarrhea
AMOEBIC DYSENTERY
Entamoeba histolytica CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- WORST clinical manifestation
- nana sa liver
- right upper quadrant
- heavy infection
AMEBIC LIVER ABSCESS
a product of eosinophil disintegration
CHARCOT LEYDEN CRYSTAL
Entamoeba histolytica DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
- MICROSCOPIC DETECTION
- DIRECT FECAL BLOOD SMEAR (DFS)
- FORMALATE ETHER ACETATE CONCENTRATION TEST (FECT)
- MERTHIOLATE IODINE FORMALIN CONCENTRATION TEST
- ROBINSON’S AND INOKI STOOL CULTURE (most sensitive but not routinely done)
Entamoeba histolytica TREATMENT AND DIAGNOSIS
METRONIDAZOLE
DILOXANIDE FUORATE
COMMENSAL AMEBAE
- SPHERICAL nucleus
-distinct nucleus membrane lined with chromatin granules o small karyosome found near the center of the nucleus trophozoite (only one nucleus)
ENTAMOEBA
COMMENSAL AMEBAE
- VESICULAR NUCLEUS
- largely - irregularly - shaped karyosome near the center of the nucleus trophozoite (only 1 nucleus)
ENDOLIMAX
Motility: NON PROGRESSIVE , sluggish blunt, granular pseudopod
PC: thicker, irregular
K: large, eccentric
Cytoplasm: coarsely granular, vacuolated, DIRTY CYTOPLASM, no RBC - engulf vacuoles containing bacteria
Entamoeba coli TROPHOZOITE
Shape: spherical, oval, triangular
Nucleus: 1-8
PC: coarse, granular, irregular -
K: large eccentric
Cytoplasm: granular with pointed ends (splinter-like BROOMSTICK jagged ends) chromatoidal bars
Entamoeba coli CYST
Entamoeba coli DIAGNOSIS
Formalin Ether Acetate Concentration test (FECT) and Zinc Sulfate floatation
Iodine Stain
Swab
Direct fecal smear (DFS)
Stool
- Causative agent of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)
- Habitat: THERMOPHILIC ORGANISM in hot springs and other warm aquatic environment
- Parasite may enter through nasal mucosal and attach to olfactory nerve
Naegleria fowleri
3 STAGES/ LIFE CYCLE OF Naegleria fowleri
- CYST STAGE
- TROPHOZOITE STAGE
- FLAGELLATED STAGE
