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GE-CHEM > Finals: Human Metabolism and Metabolic Pathways > Flashcards

Finals: Human Metabolism and Metabolic Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

Study of chemical processes in living things

A

biochemistry

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2
Q

Looking at biological processes through a chemical lens

A

biochemistry

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3
Q

Focuses on the structure, properties, functions, and changes associated with biomolecules

A

Biochemistry

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4
Q

Biomolecules are ____, _____molecules with biological function linked with their structure

A

large, discrete

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5
Q

Biomolecules are divided into large classes:

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Lipids
  3. Proteins
  4. Nucleic Acids
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6
Q

the sum total of all biochemical reactions that take place in an organism

A

metabolism

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7
Q

small molecules are converted to larger molecules; consumes energy in the process

A

anabolism

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8
Q

large molecules are converted to smaller molecules; releases energy in the process

A

catabolism

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9
Q

series of biochemical reactions that
converts starting materials into products

A

metabolic pathway

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10
Q

*Major metabolic pathways for all life is ____

A

similar

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11
Q

It generates a final product

A

Linear pathways

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12
Q

regenerate the first reactant

A

cyclic pathways

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13
Q

do not possess a nucleus

A

Prokaryotic cells

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14
Q

possess a nucleus where DNA is stored

A

Eukaryotic cells

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15
Q

cell boundary

A

Plasma membrane

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16
Q

water-based internal environment of eukaryotic cells

A

Cytoplasm

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17
Q

generates energy for the cell in the form of ATP

A

Mitochondria

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18
Q

contains hydrolytic enzymes for degradation of large molecules

A

Lysosomes

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19
Q

contains DNA

A

Nucleus

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20
Q

site of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

21
Q

produces cellular/biochemical energy through oxidative phosphorylation (cellular respiration)

A

mitochondrion

22
Q

Transport proteins are found in facilitating the transport of molecules into and out of the membrane

A

Outer membrane

23
Q

50% lipids, 50% proteins

A

Outer membrane

24
Q

polypeptide

A

lipids

25
Q

carbohyhdrates

A

polysaccharides

26
Q

20% lipids, 80% proteins

A

Inner membrane

27
Q

Site of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and ATP synthesis; ATP synthase complexes and other catalytic proteins are found in the inner membrane

A

Inner membrane

28
Q

Folded in several sites called cristae to increase surface area

A

Inner membrane

29
Q

Site of Citric Acid Cycle and beta-Oxidation of fatty acids

A

Matrix

30
Q

What is needed to run the human body is obtained from food via a multistep process involving several different catabolic pathways

A

Energy

31
Q

Four general steps in the biochemical energy production process

A
  1. Digestion
  2. Acetyl group formation
  3. Citric Acid Cycle
  4. Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation
32
Q

Stage 1: Begins in mouth (saliva contains starch-digesting
enzymes), continues in the stomach (gastric juices), and is completed in small intestine

A

Digestion

33
Q

Results in small molecules that can cross intestinal membrane into the blood stream

A

digestion

34
Q

End products which are absorbed and transported to blood cells:

A
  1. Glucose and monosaccharides from carbohydrates
  2. Amino acids from proteins
  3. Fatty acids and glycerol from fats and oils
35
Q

The small molecules from Stage 1 are further ___

A

oxidized

36
Q

End-product of these oxidations is acetyl CoA

A

Acetyl Group Formation

37
Q

This stage involves numerous reactions which occur both in the cytosol as well as the mitochondria of the cells

A

Acetyl Group Formation

38
Q

Takes place inside the mitochondria

A

Citric Acid Cycle

39
Q

Acetyl group is oxidized to produce CO2 and energy

A

Citric Acid Cycle

40
Q

Some energy produced in this stage is lost in the form of heat

  • Most energy is trapped in reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2
A

Citric Acid Cycle

41
Q

The carbon dioxide we exhale comes primarily from this stage

A

Citric Acid Cycle

42
Q

*Takes place in mitochondria

A

Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation

43
Q

NADH and FADH2 are oxidized to release H ions and electrons
* Needed for the production of ATP, primary energy carrier in metabolic pathways
\

A

Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation

44
Q

O2 inhaled is converted into H2O in this stage

A

Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation

45
Q

The mitochondrion (plural: mitochondria) produces cellular/biochemical energy through:

A

oxidative phosphorylation

46
Q

cellular respiration

A

oxidative phosphorylation

47
Q

where oxidative phosphorylation takes place in a suite of membrane protein complexes that create the electrochemical gradient across the inner membrane, or use it for ATP synthesis

A

inner membrane

48
Q

saliva contains

A

starch-digesting
enzymes

49
Q
A

GE-CHEM (5 decks)

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