Finals: Human Metabolism and Metabolic Pathways

Question 1

Study of chemical processes in living things

Answer 1

biochemistry

Question 2

Looking at biological processes through a chemical lens

Answer 2

biochemistry

Question 3

Focuses on the structure, properties, functions, and changes associated with biomolecules

Answer 3

Biochemistry

Question 4

Biomolecules are ____, _____molecules with biological function linked with their structure

Answer 4

large, discrete

Question 5

Biomolecules are divided into large classes:

Answer 5

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids

Question 6

the sum total of all biochemical reactions that take place in an organism

Answer 6

metabolism

Question 7

small molecules are converted to larger molecules; consumes energy in the process

Answer 7

anabolism

Question 8

large molecules are converted to smaller molecules; releases energy in the process

Answer 8

catabolism

Question 9

series of biochemical reactions that
converts starting materials into products

Answer 9

metabolic pathway

Question 10

*Major metabolic pathways for all life is ____

Answer 10

similar

Question 11

It generates a final product

Answer 11

Linear pathways

Question 12

regenerate the first reactant

Answer 12

cyclic pathways

Question 13

do not possess a nucleus

Answer 13

Prokaryotic cells

Question 14

possess a nucleus where DNA is stored

Answer 14

Eukaryotic cells

Question 15

cell boundary

Answer 15

Plasma membrane

Question 16

water-based internal environment of eukaryotic cells

Answer 16

Cytoplasm

Question 17

generates energy for the cell in the form of ATP

Answer 17

Mitochondria

Question 18

contains hydrolytic enzymes for degradation of large molecules

Answer 18

Lysosomes

Question 19

contains DNA

Answer 19

Nucleus

Question 20

site of protein synthesis

Answer 20

Ribosomes

Question 21

produces cellular/biochemical energy through oxidative phosphorylation (cellular respiration)

Answer 21

mitochondrion

Question 22

Transport proteins are found in facilitating the transport of molecules into and out of the membrane

Answer 22

Outer membrane

Question 23

50% lipids, 50% proteins

Answer 23

Outer membrane

Question 24

polypeptide

Answer 24

lipids

Question 25

carbohyhdrates

Answer 25

polysaccharides

Question 26

20% lipids, 80% proteins

Answer 26

Inner membrane

Question 27

Site of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and ATP synthesis; ATP synthase complexes and other catalytic proteins are found in the inner membrane

Answer 27

Inner membrane

Question 28

Folded in several sites called cristae to increase surface area

Answer 28

Inner membrane

Question 29

Site of Citric Acid Cycle and beta-Oxidation of fatty acids

Answer 29

Matrix

Question 30

What is needed to run the human body is obtained from food via a multistep process involving several different catabolic pathways

Answer 30

Energy

Question 31

Four general steps in the biochemical energy production process

Answer 31

1. Digestion 2. Acetyl group formation 3. Citric Acid Cycle 4. Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 32

Stage 1: Begins in mouth (saliva contains starch-digesting enzymes), continues in the stomach (gastric juices), and is completed in small intestine

Answer 32

Digestion

Question 33

Results in small molecules that can cross intestinal membrane into the blood stream

Answer 33

digestion

Question 34

End products which are absorbed and transported to blood cells:

Answer 34

1. Glucose and monosaccharides from carbohydrates 2. Amino acids from proteins 3. Fatty acids and glycerol from fats and oils

Question 35

The small molecules from Stage 1 are further ___

Answer 35

oxidized

Question 36

End-product of these oxidations is acetyl CoA

Answer 36

Acetyl Group Formation

Question 37

This stage involves numerous reactions which occur both in the cytosol as well as the mitochondria of the cells

Answer 37

Acetyl Group Formation

Question 38

Takes place inside the mitochondria

Answer 38

Citric Acid Cycle

Question 39

Acetyl group is oxidized to produce CO2 and energy

Answer 39

Citric Acid Cycle

Question 40

Some energy produced in this stage is lost in the form of heat - Most energy is trapped in reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2

Answer 40

Citric Acid Cycle

Question 41

The carbon dioxide we exhale comes primarily from this stage

Answer 41

Citric Acid Cycle

Question 42

*Takes place in mitochondria

Answer 42

Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 43

NADH and FADH2 are oxidized to release H ions and electrons * Needed for the production of ATP, primary energy carrier in metabolic pathways \

Answer 43

Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 44

O2 inhaled is converted into H2O in this stage

Answer 44

Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 45

The mitochondrion (plural: mitochondria) produces cellular/biochemical energy through:

Answer 45

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 46

cellular respiration

Answer 46

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 47

where oxidative phosphorylation takes place in a suite of membrane protein complexes that create the electrochemical gradient across the inner membrane, or use it for ATP synthesis

Answer 47

inner membrane

Question 48

saliva contains

Answer 48

starch-digesting enzymes