FINALS: INTESTINAL CESTODES I Flashcards by Chin Lys

This Phylum is composed of two parasitic classes

PLATYHELMINTHES

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PLATYHELMINTHES Phylum is composed of two parasitic
classes:

TREMATODA – flukes
CESTODA

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FALSE TAPEWORM

PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA

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TRUE TAPEWORM

CYCLOPHYLLIDEA

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Long, flat and ribbon-like appearance

CESTODES

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Important parts include of CESTODES:

ROSTELLUM
SCOLEX
PROGLOTTIDS

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 May have hooks/hooklets
 Crown of the scolex

ROSTELLUM

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organ of attachment

Scolex

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Contains the suckers (4 cup-shaped
structures)

SCOLEX

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For intestinal mucosa attachment

SUCKERS

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in between scolex and proglottid

Neck

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Segments of the cestode

PROGLOTTIDS

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PROGLOTTIDS Formed via?

budding

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chain of proglottids

STROBILA

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PROGLOTTIDS Divided into 3 parts:

IMMATURE PROGLOTTIDS
MATURE PROGLOTTIDS
GRAVID PROGLOTTIDS

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anterior part found nearest to the neck (no egg)

IMMATURE PROGLOTTIDS

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differentiated with immature sexual organs

IMMATURE PROGLOTTIDS

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middle; where reproductive structure and organs are found

MATURE PROGLOTTIDS

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contains male and female genital organs (hermaphroditic)

MATURE PROGLOTTIDS

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posterior part (pregnant); production of eggs; farthest from the egg

GRAVID PROGLOTTIDS

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contains fully developed uterus with eggs

GRAVID PROGLOTTIDS

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Equipped with male and female organs

PROGLOTTIDS

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self fertilizing

HERMAPHRODITIC

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filled with eggs

GRAVID

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Cestodes may absorb nutrients and excrete waste via ____ (body covering)

TEGUMENT

SCOLEX: Spoon-shaped with bothria (sucking grooves); hooklets absent

PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA

SCOLEX: Rostellum with or w/o hooklets

CYCLOPHYLLIDEA

STROBILA: (ANAPOLYTIC) non-shedding segments

PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA

STROBILA: (APOLYTIC) shed segments

CYCLOPHYLLIDEA

INTESTINAL CESTODES I:

 Taenia saginata  Taenia solium  Hymenolepis nana  Hymenolepis diminuta

 “BEEF TAPEWORM”  Longest tapeworm  Definitive host: HUMANS

Taenia saginata

 3rd Taenia species that is related to T. saginata  Reported in Taiwan, Korea, Thailand, and Indonesia

Taenia asiatica (cysticercus viscerotropica)

found in the liver of intermediate host (pigs, cattle, goats, wild boars and monkeys)

Cysticercus viscerotropica Larvae

“PORK TAPEWORM”

Taenia solium

Taenia solium definitive and intermediate host:

HUMAN

is acquire from eating pork with cysticerci which will become an adult worm

TAENIASIS

ingestion of egg then hatched into oncosphere and develop into cysticerci in which it will attached in the tissue

cysticercosis

HABITAT: Upper small intestine

Taenia solium

HABITAT: Upper jejunum and live for up to 25 years

Taenia saginata

SCOLEX: Spherical with acetabula (suckers); 1mm

Taenia solium

SCOLEX: Cuboidal with four acetabula (suckers); 1-2 mm

Taenia saginata

ROSTELLUM: Present, cushion-like, doublecrowned (2530 large & small hooks)

Taenia solium

ROSTELLUM: ABSENT

Taenia saginata

NO. OF SEGMENTS: 800 -1,000

Taenia solium

NO. OF SEGMENTS: 1,000-4,000

Taenia saginata

ACTS OF SEGMENTS: Not observed

Taenia solium

ACTS OF SEGMENTS: Active crawling

Taenia saginata

NO. OF OVA PER GRAVID PROGLOTTID: 30,000 –50,000 per proglottid

Taenia solium

NO. OF OVA PER GRAVID PROGLOTTID: 97,000 – 124, 000 per proglottid

Taenia saginata

GRAVID PROGLOTTID: Wider and shorter

Taenia solium

GRAVID PROGLOTTID: Longer

Taenia saginata

Absence of vaginal sphincter

Taenia solium

Vagina with sphincter

Taenia saginata

 Spherical/subspherical  Eggs of T. solium is indistinguishable of T. saginata  30-45 um  Thick embryopore: Brownish and striated radially (due to numerous pits)  Contains the oncosphere (embryo with 3 pairs of hooklets (6 total))  Infective stage of cysticercosis (in solium)

EGGS

– infection which encyst in the tissue

Cysticercosis

 Larval stages  In the tissues of Intermediate hosts  Infective stage (both solium & saginata)  Transmitted from improperly cooked pork/beef

CYSTICERCOID/CYSTICERCI

CYSTICERCUS BOVIS

Taenia saginata

CYSTICERCUS CELLULOSAE

Taenia solium (“MEASLY PORK”)

CYSTICERCUS VISCEROTROPICA

Taenia asiatica

IH: CATTLE

Taenia saginata

IH: PORK

Taenia solium

 INTESTINAL INFECTION o NONSPECIFIC SYMPTOMS:

- Epigastric pain - GI Discomfort - Hunger pangs - Weakness - Weight loss - Loss of apetite - Pruritus

Obstruction of bile, pancreatic ducts and appendix (due to motile proglottids)

T.saginata

No obstruction

T. solium

o Taenia solium  Cysticerci often multiple and may occur in any organ/tissue (can survive up to 5years)

CYSTICERCOSIS

CYSTICERCOSIS can affect these organs/tissues:

- Brain - Striated muscle - Subcutaneous tissue - Eye - Heart - Lung - Peritoneum

o Taenia solium  MOST SERIOUS MANIFESTATION  Considered as ONE OF THE MOST SERIOUS ZOONOTIC DISEASE WORLWIDE  Cysticerci can be found in the brain parenchyma or floats freely in the ventricles of the brain

NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS