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PATHOLOGY > FINALS: MIXED REVIEWER > Flashcards

FINALS: MIXED REVIEWER Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following conditions manifest with very small orifice of prepuce?
a. Phimosis
b. Agenesis
c. Hypospadia
d. Epispadia

A

a. Phimosis

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1
Q

Infiltration of the meninges and CSF pathways of the CNS by neoplastic cells is known as which of the following?
a. Drop metastasis
b. Paraneoplastic syndrome
c. Distant metastasis
d. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis

A

d. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis

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1
Q

More than half of the musculoskeletal injuries in the U.S. are due to the following EXCEPT:
a. strain
b. sprain
c. contusion
d. dislocation

A

c. contusion

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2
Q

Which of the following intraspinal tumor is extradural extramedullary?
a. Chordoma
b. Metastatic tumors
c. Ependymoma
d. Schwannoma

A

b. Metastatic tumors

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2
Q

The following are risk factors for urinary incontinence, EXCEPT:
a. Obesity
b. High fluid intake
c. Diabetes
d. Depression

A

b. High fluid intake

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2
Q

Neuropathy which involves nerve roots as it emerges from the spinal cord is called which of the following?
a. Radiculoneuropathy
b. Polyneuropathy
c. Polyradiculitis
d. Mononeuropathy

A

a. Radiculoneuropathy

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2
Q

True of Down syndrome EXCEPT:
a. Congenital cardiac anomalies in the form of VSD or AVSD
b. Atlantoaxial or occipitocervical instability of the cervical spine is a found in 10+ACU- to 15+ACU- of adult
c. the most common inherited chromosomal disorder
d. first genetic disorder attributed to a chromosomal aberration

A

b. Atlantoaxial or occipitocervical instability of the cervical spine is a found in 10+ACU- to 15+ACU- of adult

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2
Q

What is the method of choice for the diagnosis of intraspinal tumor?
a. Lumbar puncture
b. CT scan
c. MRI
d. Plain films

A

c. MRI

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2
Q

Findings consistent with scoliosis:
a. Full-length radiographs of the spine, using posteroanterior views is evaluated using the Cobb method
displays abnormal curvature greater than 10 degrees.
b. Abnormal finding includes asymmetry of the height of the ribs or paravertebral muscles on one side, leg
length discrepancy, etc.
c. All the choices are correct.
d. Back pain may be associated with curve progression after institution of brace treatment for idiopathic scoliosis

A

c. All the choices are correct.

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2
Q

Scheuermann’s disease affects which vertebral bodies
a. thoracic
b. lumbar
c. none of the choices
d. cervical

A

a. thoracic

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2
Q

Which of the following is a germ cell tumor of the ovary?
a. Teratoma
b. Granulosa tumor
c. Serous cystadenoma
d. Kruckenberg tumor

A

a. Teratoma

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2
Q

Which of the following is the most common acquired muscle disease in adults?
a. Dermatomyositis
b. Polymyositis
c. None of the other choices
d. Inclusion body myositis

A

d. Inclusion body myositis

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2
Q

The most important prognostic factor for invasive breast carcinoma among the given choices would be:
A. Lymphovascular invasion
B. Lymph node metastases
C. Tumor size
D. Histologic grade

A

B. Lymph node metastases

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2
Q

Most common ovarian malignancy would be:
A. Serous carcinoma
B. Immature teratoma
C. Mucinous carcinoma
D. Kruckenberg tumor

A

D. Kruckenberg tumor

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2
Q

The following are risk factors for ectopic pregnancy, EXCEPT
A. Endometriosis
B. Pelvic inflammatory disease
C. Appendicitis
D. Hemorrhoids

A

D. Hemorrhoids

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2
Q

Which of the following conditions manifest with abnormal opening on dorsal aspect?
A. Epispadia
B. Hypospadia

A

A. Epispadia

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2
Q

Prostatic cancer usually arise in the __ zone.
A. Transitional
B. Peripheral
C. Periurethral
D. Central

A

B. Peripheral

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2
Q

The following are risk factors for urinary incontinence, EXCEPT:
A. Tobacco use
B. Diabetes
C. Young age

A

C. Young age

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2
Q

The following are Classification for Neurogenic bladder syndrome, EXCEPT
A. Bors-Comarr
B Urodynamic
ELapides
D. Gleasons

A

D. Gleasons

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2
Q

Classically ambulation continues to deteriorate up to the age of 7 to 12 years.
C. congenital muscular dystrophy
A. Duchenne-type MD
D. congenital myopathies
B. Becker-type MD

A

A. Duchenne-type MD

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2
Q

Which of the following is a Nephritic syndrome?
A. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
B. Crescentic glomerulonephritis
C. Minimal change disease
D. Membranous glomerulopathy

A

B. Crescentic glomerulonephritis

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2
Q

Kyphoscolliosis can be associated with the following EXCEPT:
A. aging
C. endocrine disorders
B. poor posture
D. none of the choices

A

D. none of the choices

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2
Q

This neural tube defect shows protrusion of meninges and spinal cord. .
A. spina bifida occulta
C. myelomeningocele
B. meningocele
D. none of the choices

A

C. myelomeningocele

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2
Q

This type of LGMD is a result of the absence of myotilin:
C. 1C
A. 1A
D. 2B
B. .1B

A

A. 1A

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2
Q

This lesion is characterized by having multiple cystic dilatation of collecting ducts in medulla with unknown pathogenesis. The lesion is most probably:
A. Medullary sponge kidney
B. Nephrophthisis
Adult onset medullary cystic disease

A

A. Medullary sponge kidney

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2
Q

Clinical characteristics of Down syndrome:
A. atlantoaxial instability
C. congenital heart disease
B. muscle hypotonia
D. all choices are correct

A

D. all choices are correct

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2
Q

True of scoliosis EXCEPT:
A. asymmetric shoulder position
C. curve can be less than 10 degrees
B. leg length discrepancy
* back pain is frequent in adults

A

C. curve can be less than 10 degrees

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2
Q

The femoral head is totally outside the acetabu um!.
C. complete dislocation
A. unstable hip dysplasia
D. incomplete dislocation
B. Subluxation

A

C. complete dislocation

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2
Q

This CMD is caused by a mutation in the fukutin gene:
C. Merosin-negative
A. Fukuyama
D. WWS (POMT1)
B. Ullrich/Bethlehe

A

A. Fukuyama

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2
Q

True of developmental dysplasia of the hip EXCEPT:
C. waddling gait pattern can be observed
A. Alli sign may be present
D. breech delivery is not related
B. approximately 85% of affected infants are females

A

D. breech delivery is not related

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2
Q

The severe form of Nemaline myopathy is type:
С.3
A. 1
D. 4

A

A. 1

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2
Q

. Neuromuscular disorders EXCEPT:
A. Scoliosis
C. Osteogenesis imperfecta
D. Muscular dystrophies
B. Torticollis

A

A. Scoliosis

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2
Q

Dystrophin is nearly normal levels but abnormal size:
C. congenital muscular dystrophy
A. Duchenne-type MD
D. congenital myopathies
B) Becker-type MD

A

B) Becker-type MD

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2
Q

This neuromuscular disease is characterized by progressive weakness and wasting of skeletal muscles resulting from anterior horn cell degeneration.
A. Nemaline myopathy
CoTorticollis
B. Spinal muscular atrophy
D. Limb-Girdle muscular dystrophy

A

B. Spinal muscular atrophy

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2
Q

This type of torticollis shows fibrotic tissue without normal muscle:
A. i
B. ii
C. III

A

B. ii

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2
Q

It is characterized by abnormal bone remodeling with increased bone resorption and excessive, unorganized new bone formation caused by activated osteoclasts:

A

Paget’s disease

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2
Q

This brachial plexus injury involves the CS-C6:

A

Erb palsy

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2
Q

Most common and mildest form of Osteogenesis Imperfecta:

A

I

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2
Q

It is far the most common metabolic bone disease:
A. osteoporosis
C. osteomalacia

A

A. osteoporosis

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2
Q

Chronic osteomyelitis is associated with the following:
There is persistent bone infection
B. An underlying undiagnosed acute disease
C. Immunocompromised state
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

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2
Q

The following is a factor that contributes to microabscess formation:
A. Porous character of bone
B, Vascular loop
C/ess blood flow

A

B, Vascular loop

2
Q

Outcome/s of spondylodiskitis:
A. Vertebral collapse
B. Kyphosis
C. Bony ankylosis
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

2
Q

Bursae infection is:
A› Usually deep in the skin
B. An uncommon condition
C. Streptococcus is the most common organism

A

A› Usually deep in the skin

2
Q

Infectious arthritis is caused by the following EXCEPT:
A bacteria
B. viruses
C. fungi
® None of the above

A

® None of the above

2
Q

In septic arthritis bacterial endotoxins:
A. Prevent release of interleukin I
B. Cause destruction of lysosomal enzymes
C. Stimulate release of TNF (tumeor necrosis factor

A

C. Stimulate release of TNF (tumeor necrosis factor

2
Q

Development of pannus is associated with the following:
A. Destruction of joints
B. Observed in infectious arthritis
Both A and B

A

Both A and B

2
Q

A 45 year old female sought consult because of muscle weakness which worsens over the course of the day. She also complains of diplopia and drooping eyelids. She noticed improvement of symptoms with rest. This disease is caused by which of the following?
A. Antibody against Ach receptors
b. Genetic abnormality
c. Antibiody against muscle protein
d. Viral infection

A

A. Antibody against Ach receptors

2
Q

Since there is strong evidence that regular physical activity can prevent and delay the onset of the disease, which of the following role should the therapist play?
A. Trained to influence prevention programs for diabetics
B. Target the programs for neuropathy
O Focus on the overall health condition of the patient
D. Focus on control of hyperglycemia

A

A. Trained to influence prevention programs for diabetics

2
Q

hich of the following neuropathies is the most common form of diabetic neuropathy?
A. Hyperglycemic neuropathy
B. Acute sensory
C. Chronic sensorymotor
D. Autonomic

A

C. Chronic sensorymotor

2
Q

Which of the following conditions is an autoimmune disease characterized by rapidly ascending symmetric motor weakness and distal sensory impairment?
A. Charcot-Marie-Toot
B. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
C) Guillain-Barre Syndrome
3. Myasthenia Gravis

A

C) Guillain-Barre Syndrome

2
Q
A
2
Q
A
2
Q
A
2
Q

A 58 years old male sought consult because of a left-sided facial paralysis noted on waking up. He has an asymmetrical facial appearance with flattened nasolabial fold and widened palpebral fissure. What is the most probable etiology of the condition?
A. Immune antibody
B. Reactivation of a latent viral infection
c. Entrapment of the facial nerve
D. Encephalitis

A

B. Reactivation of a latent viral infection

2
Q

Disc herniation, L4-L5 and L6-51 levels, is the most common cause of which of this form of radiculopathy?
A. Bell palsy
B. Pseudotumor
C. Morton neuroma
D. Sciatica

A
2
Q

Adison Test is used to diagnese which of the folowing compresion/entrapment syndrome
Carpal Tunnel syndrome
B. Saturday night palsy
C. Thoracic outlet syndrome
D. Ulnar nerve entrapment

A

C. Thoracic outlet syndrome

2
Q

Glove and stocking distribution of sensory loss is usually seen in which of the following form of neuropathy?
A. Mononeuropathy
B. Polyneuropathy

A

B. Polyneuropathy

2
Q

Temporary failure of nerve conduction in the absence of structural changes due to blunt injury is called which of the following?
Axonotmesis
B. Neurapraxia
C. Neurotmesis

A

B. Neurapraxia

2
Q

Abnormal transision of sensation fnte the CN relayed from vistera, gands or smooth musdle ‘s associated with which of the following involvement?
A Motor ANS
B. Sensory ANS
C. Sensory motor unit

A

B. Sensory ANS

2
Q

Muscle atrophy occurs in the presence of which of the following?
A. Segmental demyelination
B. Axonaldegeneration
C. Both of the given options
D. Neither of the given options

A

B. Axonaldegeneration

2
Q

Which of the following refers to an injury where the axon and its myelin sheath is damaged but not its connective tissue covering?
A. Neurapraxia
B. Axonotmesis
C. Neurotmesis
D. Demyelinated

A

B. Axonotmesis

2
Q

Which of the following brain tumor arise from the neurons?
A. Craniopharyngioma
B) Meningioma
C. Medulloblastoma
D. Teratoma

A

Medulloblastoma

2
Q

Which of the following is a sign of meningeal irritation characterized by flexion of the hips and knee on flexion of the neck?
A. Brudzinski
B. Kernig
C. Tinel
D. Phallen

A

Brudzinski

2
Q
A
2
Q
A
2
Q

Which of the following intraspinal tumor is intradural intramedullary?
A. Meningioma
B. Metastatic tumors
Schwannoma
D. Ependymoma

A

Ependymoma

3
Q

Which of the following causes of viral encephalitis is acquired by a newborn through maternal genital infection?
AWest Nile Fever
B. Herpes Simplex Virus
C. Measles
D. Mumps

A

B. Herpes Simplex Virus

3
Q

. TRUE of skeletal tuberculosis:
A. Statistically common
B. Association with AIDS
Ease of diagnosis
D. All of the above

A

B. Association with AIDS

3
Q

Which of the following amino acid neurotransmitters is more active in the spinal cord than in the brain?
A. Serotonin
B. Glycine
C. Acetylcholine
D. GABA

A

B. Glycine

4
Q

Which of the following cells in the brain communicate to one another in order to process sensory information, program motor and emotional responses, and store information through memory?
A. Astrocytes
B. Oligodendroglia
C. Ependymal cells
D. Neurons

A

D. Neurons

4
Q

Very severe injury to the CNS will result to which of the following outcomes:
A Passive process of necrosis
B. Active process of apoptosis
C. Gl

A

A Passive process of necrosis

4
Q

The following aim/s to prevent osteomyelitis from occuring:
A. Wound debridement
B. Wound irrigation
C. Wound is left opened
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

5
Q

In septic arthritis bacterial endotoxins:
A. Prevent release of interleukin I
B. Cause destruction of lysosomal enzymes
C. Stimulate release of TNF (tumeor necrosis factor

A

C. Stimulate release of TNF (tumeor necrosis factor

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PATHOLOGY (15 decks)

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