Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PATHOLOGY > INTRODUCTION: PATHOLOGY CONCEPTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION: PATHOLOGY CONCEPTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE Flashcards

1
Q

Short term effects of air pollution include the following EXCEPT
a. Upper respiratory infections
b. Allergic reactions
c. Chest pain
d. Eye, nose and throat irritation

A

C. Chest pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sections in the practice patterns for pathology in physical therapy include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Musculoskeletal
b. Neuromuscular
c. Genitourinary
d. Cardiopulmonary

A

c. Genitourinary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which is NOT part of the Healthy People 2020 Goals?
a. To reduce mortality
b. To achieve access to rehabilitative health services
c. To reduce disparities in health among different population groups
d. To increase independence among older adults

A

b. To achieve access to rehabilitative health services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of cancer caused by alcohol include the following EXCEPT
a. Gallbladder
b. Lung
c. Esophagus
d. Laryngeal

A

B. lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True about gender-based patterns of disease
a. Women die an average of 5 years earlier than men.
b. Women smokers are less likely to develop lung cancer than men who smoke.
c. Women constitute 80+ACU- of those who have osteoporosis.
d. Men are twice as likely as women to contract STD and 10 times more likely to contract HIV.

A

c. Women constitute 80+ACU- of those who have osteoporosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tobacco smoke is associated with what cardiovascular condition?

A

Myocardial infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Acute alcoholism has its main effect on which organ system?l

A

Central nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Highest number of deaths are attributed to which risk factor?

A

Tobacco use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which of the following explains that ageing is a genetically driven process and not primarily the result of
ongoing and accumulated cellular or environmental processes?
a. Pure genetic-based
b. Programmed-base
c. Senescence-based
d. Damage-based

A

c. Senescence-based

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Refers to problems in body function or structure?

A

d. Impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Examples of environmentally induced damage include which one of the following?
a. Alterations to DNA
b. Breakdown of free radicals
c. Increased motility of cells and tissues
d. Decreased cross-linking of tendon, bone, and muscles

A

a. Alterations to DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which is considered programmed-based explanation of aging?
a. Planned obsolescence
b. Any one of the above
c. Gene mutation
d. Genetic control

A

b. Any one of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The key focus in physical therapy is the relationship between which of the following?
a. Level of support and environment
b. Impairment and functional limitation
c. Impairment and level of support
d. Participation and environment

A

b. Impairment and functional limitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Correct pairing of substance and its effect
a. Pesticides: Nephritis
b. Bisphenol: lymphoma
c. Asbestos: mesothelioma
d. Vinyl chloride: leukemia

A

c. Asbestos: mesothelioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

health care practice.
a. Minority group are given equal health benefits..
b. There is same quality of health care in different populations.
c. Clients are always followed by the same health care provider.

A

b. There is same quality of health care in different populations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chronic conditions sometimes flare up and may be referred to as:
a. Subacute
b. Acute
c. Subchronic
d. Chronic

A

a. Subacute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which term refers to a biologic or psychologic alteration that results in a malfunction of a body organ or
system?
a. Impairment
b. Illness
c. Sickness
d. Disease

A

d. Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which theory focuses on the concept of fight, flight, or freeze by describing a response to stress has common
symptoms such as appetite loss, weight loss, myalgias, and fatigue?
a. Multicausal
b. Psychosocial
c. Homeostasis
d. General Adaptation Syndrome

A

d. General Adaptation Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Initiatives done by physical therapists as its role in prevention and wellness has the following advantages
EXCEPT:
a. Maintain health and prevent further deterioration or future illness
b. Increase costs by helping clients achieve and restore optimal functional capacity
c. Minimize impairments, functional limitations, and disabilities related to congenital and acquired
conditions
d. Create appropriate environmental adaptations to enhance independent function

A

b. Increase costs by helping clients achieve and restore optimal functional capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which of the following is true about telomeres?
a. They are lengthened during cell division.
b. They are sequences of amino acids extending from the ends of chromosomes.
c. They encode genes.
d. They are found in germ cells and cancer cells.

A

d. They are found in germ cells and cancer cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Origin of the name “Pathology”

A

Pathos: suffering
Logos: study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

T or F
WESTERN PATHOLOGY: study of cellular abnormalities

A

FALSE
MODERN PATHOLOGY: study of cellular abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

BEHAVIORAL, SOCIAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO DISEASE AND DYSFUNCTION (5)

A

Clinical models of health
Variations in client populations
Lifestyle factors that influence health
Behavioral influences on Health
Environmental barriers to health care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

THE PSYCHOSOCIAL-SPIRITUAL IMPACT ON HEALTHCARE (5)

A

Psychologic considerations in healthcare
Effects on trauma on brain development
Supporting psychologic healing
Spiritual development in the Healthcare profession
Special role of the physical therapist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice 3 Integrated-Conceptual Models

A

(NAGI model) Disablement model
Integration of prevention and wellness strategies
Patient/client management model: patient’s participation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which does not belong?
Practice patterns are described in four sections:
Musculoskeletal
Neuromuscular
Gastric
Cardiopulmonary
Integumentary

A

Gastric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

other factors that affect the patient’s health are referred to as?

A

*co-morbidities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

PATHOLOGY is defined as?

A

Defined as the branch of medicine that investigates the essential nature of the disease, especially changes in body tissues and organs that cause or are caused by diseases.

29
Q

Refers to pathology applied to the solution of clinical problems, esp the use of laboratory methods in clinical diagnosis

A

CLINICAL PATHOLOGY IN MEDICINE

30
Q

T or F
PTs are more concerned with clinical pathology than anatomic pathology (malignancies and tissues, etc.)

A

TRUE

31
Q

Development of unhealthy cond. Or diseases or more specifically the cellular events and reactions and other pathologic mechanisms that occur in disease development.

A

PATHOGENESIS

32
Q

What is the focus of pathology in Therapy?

A

Relationship between impairment and functional limitation is the key focus in the therapy

33
Q

Measures all cases of a condition (new and old) among those at risk for developing the condition.

A

PREVALENCE

34
Q

T or F
Measures of prevalence are made at one point in time

A

TRUE

35
Q

T or F
Prevalence refers to New cases only

A

FALSE
INCIDENCE refers to New cases only

36
Q

describes a time course that is between acute and chronic.

A

Subacute

37
Q

Usually follow a specific sequence, or stages of illness, from onset through recovery

A

ACUTE ILLNESSES

38
Q

Often defined as sickness or deviation from a healthy state, and the term has a broader meaning than disease

A

ILLNESS

39
Q

Refers to biologic or psychologic alteration that results in a malfunction of a body organ or system

A

DISEASE

40
Q

Are defined as problems in body function or structure

A

IMPAIRMENTS

41
Q

Are the difficulties that an individual might have in executing activities, and participation is the individual’s involvement in life situations

A

Activity limitation

42
Q

The concept that consciousness in the form of beliefs, expectations, and intention plays a central role in healing.

A

ENERGY MEDICINE

43
Q

Concept of energy medicine has results in a new discipline called? medicine.

A

Complementary and alternative medicine or complementary integrative medicine.

44
Q

Briefly describe each
DAMAGE-BASED THEORY
PROGRAMMED-BASED THEORY
TELOMERASE THEORY OF AGING

A

DAMAGE-BASED THEORY: result of continuous cellular metabolism, cellular damage, and inefficient repair systems throughout the entire life span

PROGRAMMED-BASED THEORY: Presumes aging is a genetically driven process; Aging is regulated by a biologic clock

TELOMERASE THEORY OF AGING: Shortening of telomeres in the process of DNA replication during cell division.

44
Q

Men or Women?
Have higher blood alcohol levels than men after both consume the same amount tend to regain consciousness after anesthesia more quickly than the other sex

A

Women

44
Q

Plays a significant role in reducing risk factors associated with disease states (OP, DM, CVD), the risk of falls and associated injuries, and the morbidity associated with chronic disease

A

EXERCISE

44
Q

Which refers to new cases only of those at risk with the disease?
A. Prevalence
C. Stereotype
B. Incidence
D. Consistency

A

B. Incidence

44
Q

Which of the following is a biologic or psychologic alteration that results in a malfunction of a body organ or system?
A. Illness
B. Impairment
C. Disease
D. Disorder

A

C. Disease

44
Q

What is the goal of the Human Genome Project?

A

to identify all human genes, map the genes’ locations on chromosomes, and ultimately provide detailed information from the genetic coding about how the genes function.

44
Q

The Health Care Access Barriers Model (HCAB) describes three categories of modifiable health care access barriers: (3)

A

Financial: Access
Structural: arrangement
Cognitive: awareness

44
Q

Men or Women?
Deaths from malignant melanoma are 50% higher in this sex than in the opposite sex, despite 50% lower incidence of disease in this sex

A

MEn

44
Q

THEORIES OF AGING (3)

A

DAMAGE-BASED THEORY
PROGRAMMED-BASED THEORY
TELOMERASE THEORY OF AGING

44
Q

Which refers to execution of specific tasks or actions by an individual?
A. Participation
B. Involvement
C. Impairment
D. Activity

A

D. Activity

44
Q

Healthy People 2020 Goals include the following EXCEPT:
A. To reduce mortality
B. To decrease independence among older adults
C. To reduce disparities in health among different population groups
D. To achieve access to preventive health services

A

B. To decrease independence among older adults

44
Q

Tertiary care services by the physical therapist include the following sections EXCEPT:
A. Transplant services
B. Burn units
C. Emergency departments
D. Animal bite centers

A

D. Animal bite centers

44
Q

Which one of the following is the process by which physical therapy can decrease medical costs?
A. Help clients achieve and restore minimal functional capacity
B. Maximize impairments, functional limitations, and disabilities related to congenital and acquired conditions
C. Maintain health and prevent further deterioration or future illness
D. Create inappropriate environmental adaptations to hamper independent function

A

C. Maintain health and prevent further deterioration or future illness

44
Q

All of the following are included in the four sections of practice patterns EXCEPT:
A. Musculoskeletal
B. Neuromuscular
C. Cardiopulmonary
D. Gastrointestinal

A

D. Gastrointestinal

44
Q

Which refers to the development of disease and pathologic mechanisms that occur in the development of disease?
A. Etiology
B. Morphology
C. Pathogenesis
D. Clinical correlation

A

C. Pathogenesis

45
Q

. Which refers to illness that follows a specific sequence, or stages of illness, from onset through
A. Acute
C. Chronic
B. Subacute
D. Complicated

A

A. Acute

46
Q

Environmental barriers related to disability include which one of the following?
A. Restricted social activity
B. Knowing where/how to obtain disability resource information

A

A. Restricted social activity

47
Q

. Which refers to an individual’s involvement in life situations?
A. Activity
B. Limitation
C. Participation
D. Cooperation

A

C. Participation

47
Q

. Examples of damage-based explanations to aging are the following EXCEPT:
A. Error theory
B. Wear and tear theory
C. Alterations to DNA
D. Neuroendocrine theory

A

C. Alterations to DNA

48
Q

True about health characteristics of women as compared to men include the following EXCEPT:
A. Women are more prone to develop osteoporosis resulting to risk of fracture
B. Women smokers less likely to develop lung cancer than men who smoke
C. Increasing incidence of health risk to women like depression, anxiety and eating disorders

A

B. Women smokers less likely to develop lung cancer than men who smoke

49
Q

Which of the following is NOT a modifiable risk factor?
A. Diet (calcium, fat, and fiber intake)
B. Level of activity and exercise
C. Family history of heart disease
D. Stress and coping ability

A

C. Family history of heart disease

50
Q

Purposes of the Health Care Access Barriers Model are the following EXCEPT:
A. Reinforce and affect health care access
B. Associated with early presentation to care, and presence of treatment
C. Contributes to poor health outcomes and health disparities.
D. Facilitates root cause analysis and intervention design.

A

B. Associated with early presentation to care, and presence of treatment

51
Q

Which is a condition to be classified as a disease?
A. There is a recognized cause
B. There is no change in the structure or function of an organ
C. With no consistently identifiable group of signs and symptoms
D. There is a readily available treatment

A

A. There is a recognized cause

51
Q
A
51
Q

Which of the following is an advantage of ergonomics, in injury management?
A. Prompt and safe return to work
B. Increased cost
C. Prevention of injuries

A

B. Increased cost

51
Q

Which of the following theories integrates physiologic, psychologic and social factors to explain disease?
A. Biomedical
B. Psychosocial
C. Psychoimmunological
D. Germ

A

B. Psychosocial

PATHOLOGY (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions