ONCOLOGY; INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Question 1

Define each:
Neoplasia
Oncology

Answer 1

Neoplasia - new growth
Oncology – study of tumors or neoplasia

Question 2

Define each:
Tumor
Cancer

Answer 2

Tumor - swelling - benign
Cancer - malignant

Question 3

Extent to which neoplastic parenchymal cells
resemble the corresponding normal parenchymal
cells both morphologically and functionally

Answer 3

DIFFERENTIATION

Question 4

LACK/LOSS of differentiation, associated with other morphologic changes

Answer 4

ANAPLASIA

Question 5

ANAPLASTIC CHANGES (4)

Answer 5

PLEOMORPHISM
ABNORMAL NUCLEAR MORPHOLOGY
LOSS OF POLARITY, DISTURBED ORIENTATION
TUMOR GIANT CELLS

Question 5

loss in uniformity & architectural orientation of the cells
Disordered growth, often occurs in metaplastic epithelium
More of a precancerous stage
Reversible

Answer 5

DYSPLASIA

Question 5

Abnormal mass of tissue
Growth exceeds and uncoordinated with tha kd the niemal tissue
Autonomous
Clonal-arise from single cell that incurred Generic damage

Answer 5

NEOPLASIA

Question 5

Define each
GRADING
STAGING

Answer 5

GRADING - degree of differentiation of tumor cells and the number of mitosis (microscopic description)
STAGING - based on size of primary lesion, extend of regional

Question 5

Located at the ends of chromosomes
Functions:
Protect chromosomes from dergrations
Regulates telomerase activity at chromosomes ends
Essensial for chromosome stability

Answer 5

Telomeres

Question 5

Invasion vs metastasis

Answer 5

Invasion – Direct extension
Metastasis – Distant from the primary site

Question 6

This skin lesion is associated with patients infected with HIV

Answer 6

Kaposi sarcoma

Question 6

A skin lesion characterized by presence of watery fluid inside is

Answer 6

bullae

Question 6

This skin infection is marked by presence of yeast cells and hyphal elements

Answer 6

fungal

Question 6

This skin lesion rarely metastasize

Answer 6

basal cell carcinoma

Question 7

Pruritus means

Answer 7

itchiness

Question 7

The UV ray exposure with greater risk for skin cancer is

Answer 7

UV B

Question 7

Infection with HTLV increases the risk for

Answer 7

lymphoma

Question 7

Grading is more significant than staging when dealing with patients’ prognosis

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Answer 7

B. FALSE

Question 7

. Paraneoplastic syndromes present significant problems because they

A. may destroy tissues

B. elaborate abnormal products which maybe harmful

C. both choices

D. neither choice

Answer 7

C. both choices

Question 7

Disorganized arrangement of anaplastic cells is described as

A. loss of polarity

B. metaplasia

C. apoptosis

D. dysmorphism

Answer 7

loss of polarity

Question 8

Which of the following tumor is malignant?

A. Fibroma

B. melanoma

C. adenoma

D. leiomyoma

Answer 8

melanoma

Question 8

This organism is associated with development of gastric carcinoma.

Answer 8

Helicobacter pylori

Question 9

In women, the most common cancer death is due to

Answer 9

lung

Question 10

Which nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio is regarded as anaplastic?

A. 1:1

B. 1:6

C. 1:4

Answer 10

A. 1:1

Question 10

Which of the following is a hematopoietic/ blood malignancy? A. osteosarcoma B. lipoma C. leukemia D. meningioma

Answer 10

C. leukemia

Question 11

. If liver carcinoma will metastasize, the preferred route for spread will be A. hematogenous B. direct extension C. drop metastasis D. lymphatics

Answer 11

D. lymphatics

Question 12

Staging of the tumor includes the evaluation of the following, EXCEPT A. Tumor size C. nodal involvement B. metastasis D. grade

Answer 12

grade

Question 12

Which term describes an anaplastic cell with variation in size and shape? A. monomorphic C. pleomorphic B. dysplastic D. metaplastic

Answer 12

dysplastic

Question 12

The most common malignancy in males is in

Answer 12

prostate

Question 13

Which of the following marks a tumor as malignant? A. unencapsualtion C. metastasis B. monomorphism D. mobility

Answer 13

B. monomorphism

Question 13

The following are true of Chlamydiae EXCEPT A. depend on host cells for replication B. only contains DNA C. smaller than bacteria D. susceptible to antibiotics,

Answer 13

B. only contains DNA

Question 13

79. What organism causes mycoses?

Answer 13

fungi

Question 13

Type of skin lesion seen in rubella A. diffuse erythema B. maculopapular eruption C. petechial purpuric eruptions D. vesiculobullous eruption

Answer 13

B. maculopapular eruption

Question 14

Which of the folowing tumor si malignant? Fibroma B. hepatoma C. adenoma D. leiomyoma

Answer 14

B. hepatoma

Question 14

Nodes which are common metastatic sites for cancer

Answer 14

D. supraclavicular and inguinal

Question 14

What causes Scalded skin syndrome?

Answer 14

MYCOPLASMA

Question 15

A form of primary prevention of cancer si A. vaccination B. both C. diet modification D. neither

Answer 15

B. both

Question 15

This cytokine contributes for progressive loss of fat in cancer patients

Answer 15

TNF

Question 16

Which describes Invasion? A. Alung cancer which has spread to the brain B. both choices C. superficial Skin cancer which infiltrated the deeper dermis D. neither choice

Answer 16

B. both choices

Question 17

Structural alterations ni cels or tissues characteristic of adisease or diagnostic of an etiologic process.

Answer 17

Molecular and Morphologic changes

Question 19

Define Oncogenes - ● Protoncogenes ● Oncoproteins -

Answer 19

Oncogenes - Genes that promote autonomous growth ● Protoncogenes - normal cellular counterpart ● Oncoproteins - products of genes without regulatory function

Question 20

Oma - connotes benign tumor EXCEPT:

Answer 20

Seminoma, lymphoma, melanoma, hepatoma

Question 21

A slow-growing surface epithelial skin tumor originating from undifferentiated basal cells contained in the epidermis.

Answer 21

Basal Cell Sarcoma

Question 22

Arising in sun-damaged skin, such as the rim of the ear, the face, the lips and mouth, and the dorsa of the hands

Answer 22

Squamous cell carcinoma