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PATHOLOGY > ONCOLOGY; INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM > Flashcards

ONCOLOGY; INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Define each:
Neoplasia
Oncology

A

Neoplasia - new growth
Oncology – study of tumors or neoplasia

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2
Q

Define each:
Tumor
Cancer

A

Tumor - swelling - benign
Cancer - malignant

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3
Q

Extent to which neoplastic parenchymal cells
resemble the corresponding normal parenchymal
cells both morphologically and functionally

A

DIFFERENTIATION

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4
Q

LACK/LOSS of differentiation, associated with other morphologic changes

A

ANAPLASIA

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5
Q

ANAPLASTIC CHANGES (4)

A

PLEOMORPHISM
ABNORMAL NUCLEAR MORPHOLOGY
LOSS OF POLARITY, DISTURBED ORIENTATION
TUMOR GIANT CELLS

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5
Q

loss in uniformity & architectural orientation of the cells
Disordered growth, often occurs in metaplastic epithelium
More of a precancerous stage
Reversible

A

DYSPLASIA

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5
Q

Abnormal mass of tissue
Growth exceeds and uncoordinated with tha kd the niemal tissue
Autonomous
Clonal-arise from single cell that incurred Generic damage

A

NEOPLASIA

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5
Q

Define each
GRADING
STAGING

A

GRADING - degree of differentiation of tumor cells and the number of mitosis (microscopic description)
STAGING - based on size of primary lesion, extend of regional

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5
Q

Located at the ends of chromosomes
Functions:
Protect chromosomes from dergrations
Regulates telomerase activity at chromosomes ends
Essensial for chromosome stability

A

Telomeres

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5
Q

Invasion vs metastasis

A

Invasion – Direct extension
Metastasis – Distant from the primary site

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6
Q

This skin lesion is associated with patients infected with HIV

A

Kaposi sarcoma

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6
Q

A skin lesion characterized by presence of watery fluid inside is

A

bullae

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6
Q

This skin infection is marked by presence of yeast cells and hyphal elements

A

fungal

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6
Q

This skin lesion rarely metastasize

A

basal cell carcinoma

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7
Q

Pruritus means

A

itchiness

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7
Q

The UV ray exposure with greater risk for skin cancer is

A

UV B

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7
Q

Infection with HTLV increases the risk for

A

lymphoma

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7
Q

Grading is more significant than staging when dealing with patients’ prognosis

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

A

B. FALSE

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7
Q

. Paraneoplastic syndromes present significant problems because they

A. may destroy tissues

B. elaborate abnormal products which maybe harmful

C. both choices

D. neither choice

A

C. both choices

7
Q

Disorganized arrangement of anaplastic cells is described as

A. loss of polarity

B. metaplasia

C. apoptosis

D. dysmorphism

A

loss of polarity

8
Q

Which of the following tumor is malignant?

A. Fibroma

B. melanoma

C. adenoma

D. leiomyoma

A

melanoma

8
Q

This organism is associated with development of gastric carcinoma.

A

Helicobacter pylori

9
Q

In women, the most common cancer death is due to

A

lung

10
Q

Which nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio is regarded as anaplastic?

A. 1:1

B. 1:6

C. 1:4

A

A. 1:1

10
Q

Which of the following is a hematopoietic/ blood malignancy?

A. osteosarcoma

B. lipoma

C. leukemia

D. meningioma

A

C. leukemia

11
Q

. If liver carcinoma will metastasize, the preferred route for spread will be

A. hematogenous

B. direct extension

C. drop metastasis

D. lymphatics

A

D. lymphatics

12
Q

Staging of the tumor includes the evaluation of the following, EXCEPT

A. Tumor size

C. nodal involvement

B. metastasis

D. grade

A

grade

12
Q

Which term describes an anaplastic cell with variation in size and shape?

A. monomorphic

C. pleomorphic

B. dysplastic

D. metaplastic

A

dysplastic

12
Q

The most common malignancy in males is in

A

prostate

13
Q

Which of the following marks a tumor as malignant?

A. unencapsualtion

C. metastasis

B. monomorphism

D. mobility

A

B. monomorphism

13
Q

The following are true of Chlamydiae EXCEPT

A. depend on host cells for replication

B. only contains DNA

C. smaller than bacteria

D. susceptible to antibiotics,

A

B. only contains DNA

13
Q
  1. What organism causes mycoses?
A

fungi

13
Q

Type of skin lesion seen in rubella

A. diffuse erythema

B. maculopapular eruption

C. petechial purpuric eruptions

D. vesiculobullous eruption

A

B. maculopapular eruption

14
Q

Which of the folowing tumor si malignant?
Fibroma B. hepatoma
C. adenoma D. leiomyoma

A

B. hepatoma

14
Q

Nodes which are common metastatic sites for cancer

A

D. supraclavicular and inguinal

14
Q

What causes Scalded skin syndrome?

A

MYCOPLASMA

15
Q

A form of primary prevention of cancer si
A. vaccination
B. both
C. diet modification
D. neither

A

B. both

15
Q

This cytokine contributes for progressive loss of fat in cancer patients

A

TNF

16
Q

Which describes Invasion?
A. Alung cancer which has spread to the brain
B. both choices
C. superficial Skin cancer which infiltrated the deeper dermis
D. neither choice

A

B. both choices

17
Q

Structural alterations ni cels or tissues characteristic of adisease or diagnostic of an etiologic process.

A

Molecular and Morphologic changes

18
Q
A
19
Q

Define

Oncogenes -
● Protoncogenes
● Oncoproteins -

A

Oncogenes - Genes that promote autonomous growth
● Protoncogenes - normal cellular counterpart
● Oncoproteins - products of genes without regulatory
function

20
Q

Oma - connotes benign tumor EXCEPT:

A

Seminoma, lymphoma, melanoma, hepatoma

21
Q

A slow-growing surface epithelial skin tumor originating from undifferentiated basal cells contained in the epidermis.

A

Basal Cell Sarcoma

22
Q

Arising in sun-damaged skin, such as the rim of the ear, the face, the lips and mouth, and the dorsa of the hands

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

PATHOLOGY (15 decks)

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