Finals Practice

Question 1

As a plant grows, where does most of the matter in the plant come from?

Answer 1

carbon in the air

Question 2

Respiration releases energy in both plants and animals [True/False]

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Animals use food for matter in addition to energy [True/False]

Answer 3

True

Question 4

N2O has been increasing in the atmopshere since the 1700s and the increase is attributed to human activities [True/False]

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Microbes in soils and oceans make N2O as part of the nitrogen cycle [True/False]

Answer 5

True

Question 6

The use of fertilizers has increases the production of N2O in soils [True/False]

Answer 6

True

Question 7

The burning of coal is the most important source of increased N2O in the atmosphere [True/False]

Answer 7

False

Question 8

Nutrients and minerals in the soil are a significant source of energy for plants [True/False]

Answer 8

False

Question 9

Why is the use of agricultural fertilizer often associated with the overgrowth of algae in nearby bodies of water?

Answer 9

because nitrogen in the fertilizer increases algae growth rates

Question 10

What causes eutrophication?

Answer 10

exessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water frequently due to runoff from the land

Question 11

Eutrophication involves a dense growth of __________

Answer 11

photosynthetic organisms

Question 12

Eutrophication frequently causes lack of ________ in bodies of water

Answer 12

dissolved oxygen

Question 13

Conversion of nitrate to N2 requires [high/low] concentrations of oxygen

Answer 13

low

Question 14

On a per-molecule scale, nitrous oxide is a [more/less] potent greenhouse gas than CO2

Answer 14

more

Question 15

In mosses and ferns, gametes are produced through

Answer 15

mitosis

Question 16

In mosses and ferns, spores are produced through

Answer 16

meiosis

Question 17

Living on land was facilitated by what phenotypic characteristics

Answer 17

cuticle
stoma
loss of swimming sperm

Question 18

The chloroplasts of land plants are derived from

Answer 18

an endosymbiotic event in which a photosynthetic eukaryote invaded the cell of a non-photosynthetic eukaryote

Question 19

Photoautotrophs get their energy from ___ and matter from ___

Answer 19

the sun; inorganic molecules

Question 20

Digesting organic molecules outside of the body and absorbing the product is a synapomorphy of fungi [True/False]

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Reproduction using spores is a synapomorphy of fungi [True/False]

Answer 21

False

Question 22

Which type of organism is mainly responsible for moving carbon atoms from wood to the atmosphere?

Answer 22

fungi

Question 23

Are gene regulatory switches the same between different types of cells?

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

Do gene regulatory switches encode for proteins?

Answer 24

No

Question 25

If two alleles of a gene are different, then...

Answer 25

they have different DNA sequences

Question 26

Transcriptional regulatory proteins determine the amount of transcription in each cell type [True/False]

Answer 26

True

Question 27

How many molecules of DNA are in an unreplicated chromosome?

Answer 27

One

Question 28

The coding region of an allele undergoes ___ resulting in the production of mRNA

Answer 28

transcription

Question 29

Similarities between scientific theories and scientific explanations

Answer 29

they are both designed to explain phenomena both tentative and subject to revision

Question 30

Differences between scientific theories and scientific explanations

Answer 30

Scientific theories are larger in scale and incorporate many observations, inferences, tested hypotheses, etc. Scientific explanations are smaller in scale and usually invoke one or more scientific theory

Question 31

The only way variation occurs is through random mutations that are passed down to offspring [True/False]

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Differences between natural selection and genetic drift

Answer 32

natural selection is non-random / drift is random natural selection sorts based on alleles that increase fitness / drift is by chance natural selection increases average fitness / drift does not

Question 33

What is absolutely necessary for a population to evolve?

Answer 33

heritable variation

Question 34

What part of natural selection is random?

Answer 34

the mutations that generate a population's standing genetic variation

Question 35

Biological fitness refers to healthy, strong, large, and/or sexy individuals [True/False]

Answer 35

false

Question 36

Not using traits for many generations will cause them to be lost [True/False]

Answer 36

False

Question 37

More evolution will occur when populations are in need of new traits to survive [True/False]

Answer 37

False

Question 38

Populations showing no change over time in average phenotype can be experiencing natural selection [True/False]

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Natural selection does not require environmental change [True/False]

Answer 39

True (it does not)

Question 40

Selection and drift decrease genetic variation in populations [True/False]

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Populations can adapt genetically to environmental change [True/False]

Answer 41

True (note: environment does not cause the change but it may determine if the change is beneficial to success)