Finals Psych 101 Chap 14 Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is the difference between a stressor and a stress response?
A stressor is the event or stimulus that causes stress, while the stress response is the body’s physical and psychological reaction to it.
What is the fight-or-flight response, and why is it essential?
It’s the body’s automatic reaction to perceived danger, preparing for immediate action. It’s crucial for survival but harmful if triggered too often or unnecessarily.
What are the three stages of Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
1)Alarm Reaction, 2) Stage of Resistance, 3) Exhaustion.
How can cognitive appraisal influence your response to stress?
Appraisal theory says we evaluate stressors through primary appraisal (threat, harm, or challenge?) and secondary appraisal (do I have resources to cope?), which influences our response.
What are the health consequences of chronic stress versus acute stress?
Chronic stress weakens health over time; acute stress can temporarily boost immune function but is manageable in the short term.
How does stress affect the immune system differently in the short-term vs. long-term?
Acute stress strengthens the immune system briefly; chronic stress suppresses immune function and increases illness risk.
What are the key symptoms of PTSD, and how is it different from acute stress disorder and adjustment disorder?
PTSD symptoms follow trauma and last over 1 month. Acute stress disorder lasts 3 days to 1 month. Adjustment disorder involves stress from life changes, not necessarily trauma.
What is posttraumatic growth, and how common is it?
It’s positive psychological change after trauma. Most people exposed to trauma do not develop PTSD and may experience growth.
What are some unique stressors experienced by immigrant and ethnic minority groups?
Racism, poverty, language barriers, limited education, and employment difficulties.
What are some critical periods of stress in development?
Prenatal period, infancy, and adolescence—stress during these times can have lasting impacts.
What is the difference between problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies?
Problem-focused targets the stressor itself; emotion-focused addresses feelings. The effectiveness depends on matching the strategy to the situation.
How does social support influence stress and health?
It buffers stress, enhances physical health, and includes emotional, informational, and instrumental support. Women are more likely to give and receive it.
What is the field of positive psychology, and what does it emphasize?
It focuses on strengths, wellness, happiness, and living a meaningful life, rather than just treating illness.
How is happiness related to age, income, and relationships?
Happiness tends to increase with age, rises with income up to about $75,000, and is higher in married individuals.
What is the impact of positive affect and optimism on well-being?
They are associated with better mental and physical health, and they can be developed over time.
