Finals | Skeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
2 Regions of a Bone
A
Spongy bone tissue
Compact bone tissue
2
Q
Compact bone tissue
A
- strongest form
- provides protection & support, resist stress
- contains none to few spaces
3
Q
Spongy bone tissue
A
- trabecular/ cancellous
- light
- many spaces in between
4
Q
Repeating structural units of the bone
A
Osteon
5
Q
Components of a Compact Bone
A
Osteon
6
Q
Other term for osteon
A
Haversian system
7
Q
Each osteon consists of (1)
which are circular plates of (2)
A
- concentric lamellae
- mineralized extracellular matrix
8
Q
ciircular plates of mineralized extracellular matrix
A
Concentric Lamellae
9
Q
Arrangement of the concentric lamellae
A
Central manner; Central canal or Haversian Canal
10
Q
Components of the concentric lamellae
A
- Lacunae
- Canaliculi
11
Q
Small spaces between the concentric lamelae
A
Lacunae
12
Q
Other term for canaliculi
A
Channels
13
Q
Connects lacunae with one another
A
Canaliculi
14
Q
Types of bones
A
Flat bone
Long bone
Sesamoid bone
Short bone
Irregular bone
15
Q
Example of long bones
A
femur
tibia & fibula
humerus
radius & ulna
phalanges
16
Q
Example of short bones
A
talus
carpal
most tarsal bones
17
Q
Examples of flat bones
A
clavicle
cranium
sternum & ribs
scapulae
18
Q
Other term for scapulae
A
Shoulder blades
19
Q
Other term for clavicle
A
Collar bone
20
Q
Examples of irregular bones
A
vertebrae
hip bones
certain facial bones
calcaneus
21
Q
Example of sesamoid bones
A
patellae & sesamoid bones
22
Q
Have greater length & width
A
Long bones
23
Q
Cube-shaped
A
Short bones
24
Q
Nearly equal Length & Width
A
Short bones
25
Thin & composed of 2 nearly parallel plates of compact bone tissue
Flat bones
26
Flat bones are (1) & composed of 2 nearly parallel plates of (2)
1. thin
2. compact bone tissue
27
Purpose of flat bones
For protection and provide extensive areas for muscle attachment
28
Complex shapes & cannot be grouped
Irregular bones
29
Shaped like sesame seed
Sesamoid bones
30
Purpose of sesamoid bones
Protects tendons from wear & tear
31
Small bones located in sutures between certain cranial bones
Sutural bones
32
Divisions of bones
1. Appendicular skeleton
2. Axial skeleton
33
Number of bones in the axial division
80 bones
34
Cranium bones
Frontal bone
Parietal bone
Occipital bone
Temporal bone
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone
PEST OF 8
35
Bat-shaped cranial bone with a central body and two lateral wings on either side
Sphenoid bone
36
Facial bones
Paired:
-2 Maxillae
-2 Lacrimal
-2 Palatine
-2 Nasal
-2 Inferior nasal conchae
-2 zygomatic
Unpaired:
-Mandible
-Vomer
PaLaMaxZIN VoMan
37
6 bones of the ear
- Malleus (hammer)
- Incus (anvil)
- Stapes (stirrup)
38
Other term for the ear
Auditory ossicles
39
Have the presence of fontanels
Fetal skull
40
Other term for fontanels
Soft spots
41
FONTANELS
- (1) between cranial bones; replaced by the (2) and becomes sutures
1. membrane-filled spaces
2. intramembranous ossification
42
Purpose of fontanels
Provide flexibility to fetal bones
Allows skull to change as it passes through the birth canal
43
Fontanels of the fetal skull
- Anterolateral/ Sphenoid fontanel
- Posterolateral/ Mastoid fontanel
- Antero/coronal fontanel
- Posteripr fontanel
44
Bones of the anterolateral fontanel
Future sphenoid
temporal, parietal and frontal bones
45
When does anterolateral fontanels close?
3 months after birth
46
Parts of the posterolateral fontanel
Junction of temporal, parietal, and occipital bones
47
When does the posterolateral fontanel closes?
Begins to close 1-2 months after birth (not complete until12 months)
48
Where the R & L parietal bones are to meet the frontal bones
Antero/coronal fontanel
49
What shape is the antero/coronal fontanel?
Diamond-shaped
50
Largest fontanel
Antero/coronal fontanel
51
When does the antero/coronal fontanel close?
18-24 months after birth
52
Vertex of the head
Bregma
53
Closing point of coronal
Bregma
54
Parietal bones are to meet the occipital bones
Posterior fontanel
55
Shape of the posterior fontanel
Triangular
56
When does the posterior fontanel close?
2 months afte rbirth
57
Purpose of sutures
unite
58
What does the coronal suture unite?
Frontal and parietal bones
59
What does the sagittal suture unite?
2 parietal bones on superior midline
60
What does the lambdoid suture unite?
2 parietal and occipatal bones
61
What does the squamous suture unite?
Parietal and temporal bones on the lateral
62
Other term for sinus
Mucous Membrane Spaces or Paranasal sinuses
63
Sinuses
Frontal
Ethmoid
Maxillary
Sphenoid
FES M
64
Biggest sinus
Maxillary
65
Sinuses are seen in the tadiograph as --- structures
radiolucent
66
Radiolucent vs radiopaque
Radiolucent: Black/ very dark
Radiopaque: White
67
Shape of the Hyoid bone
U-shaped
68
Location of the hyoid bone
Anterior neck
69
Parts of the hyoid bone
body
lesser horns
greater horns
70
Number of bones in the vertebral column
26 bones
71
Vertebral column takes up how much of the total body weight?
2/5 of the total body weight
72
Length of the vertebral column
71 cm (28 inches) in male;
61 cm (24 inches) in female
73
Number of vertebral column bones during early development
33 vertebrae
74
Parts of the vertebral column
▪ CERVICAL: 7
▪ THORACIC: 12
▪ LUMBAR: 5
▪ SACRUM: 1 (Fused 5 sacral vertebrae)
▪ COCCYX: 1 (Fused 4 coccygeal vertebrae)
75
Fibrous ring in between vertebral bodies
Intervertebral disc
76
Parts of the intervertebral disc
Annulus fibrosus
Nucleus pulposus
77
Describe annulus fibrosus
Outer; made up of fibrocartilage
78
Describe the nucleus pulposus
Inner soft, pulpy, highly elastic
79
Parts of a typical vertebrae
- Vertebral body
- Vertebral arch
- Vertebral foramen
- Intervertebral foramen
- Processes
80
Thick, disc shaped anterior portion
Vertebral body
81
Weight bearing vertebra
Vertebral body
82
Vertebra that extends posteriorly from the body
Vertebral arch
83
Has pedicles which forms the archs
Vertebral arch
84
2 short thick processes that forms the arch of vertebral arch
Pedicles
85
Composition of the vertebral foramen
adipose tissue
spinal cord
areolar connective tissue
blood vessel
86
Compositions of the intervertebral foramen
Single spinal nerve
87
Processes of a typical vertebra (7)
▪ 2 transverse
▪ 2 superior articular process
▪ 2 inferior articular process
▪ Spinous process
88
Parts of the cervical vertebrae
- C1 (Atlas)
- C2 (Axis
- C3-C6
- C7 (vertebral prominence)
89
Yes and No bones
C1: YES BONE
C2: NO BONE
90
The body of the C2 is known as (1)/ (2)
1. dens
2. odontoid process
91
Toothlike body
dens/ odontoid process
92
Neck injury caused by sudden, vigorous head movement in one direction, then back quickly caused by a motor vehicular accident
Whiplash injury
93
Whiplash injury is a trauma to the ---
dens
94
Most common cause of whiplash injury
Motor vehicular accidents
95
Most affected by whiplash injury
C2
96
Typical cervical vertebrae
C3-C6
97
Single large spinous process at the base of the head
C7 (vertebral prominens(
98
Larger and stronger vertebrae
Thoracic
99
Differentiate T1 & T2 from T11 & T12
- Longer spinous process on T1 and T2 ; directed inferiorly
- T110T12 are shorter, broader spinous processes directed posteriorly
100
Processes are short, thick, and broad
Lumbar
101
Made up of 4 fused vertebrae
Coccyx/ Tail bone
102
Composition of the thorax
- Sternum/ breastbone (1)
- Rib (24; 12 pairs)
103
Parts of he sternum
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid tip/ process
104
Location of the sternum
Center of the anterior thoracic wall
105
Length of the sternum of the anterior thoracic wall
15 cm in length
106
Compositions of the rib
- True ribs/ Vertebrosternal ribs
- False ribs/ Vertebrochondral ribs
- Floating ribs/ Vertebral ribs
107
True ribs
Vertebrosternal ribs
- 1-7
- attached to the sternum
108
False ribs
Vertebrochondral ribs
- 8-10
- not attached directly to the sternum
109
Floating ribs
Vertebral ribs
- 11-12
110
Number of bones in the appendicular division
126 bones
111
Bones of the pectoral girdle
4
- 2 clavicle (collar bone)
- 2 scapula (shoulder blade)
112
Long bone that lies along the horizontal axis
clavicle
113
Part of the shoulder girdle that supports the arm
Scapula
114
Bones of the upper extremities
60
- 2 humerus
- 2 ulna
- 2 radius
- 16 carpals
- 10 metacarpals
- 28 phalanges
115
Side of the 5th digit
ulna
116
Carpus/ wrist bone
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
117
Knuckles
Metacarpals
118
Other term for phalanges
digits
119
Other term for the thumb
pollex
120
Fracture of the 5th metacarpal
Boxer's fracture
121
Other term for hip bones
Pelvic bones, Coxal, Os coxa
122
Hip bones are united by what?
Pubic symphysis
123
Deep-basin like structure
Bony pelvis
124
Parts of the bony pelvis
Hip bones
Pubic symphysis
Sacrum
125
Pelvic girdle is the fusion of what bones?
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
126
Male vs Female Pelvis: General structure
Female: Light and thin
Male: Heavy and thick
127
Male vs Female Pelvis: False/ Greater Pelvis
Female: Shallow
Male: Deep
128
Male vs Female Pelvis: Pelvic brim
Female: Larger; more oval
Male: Smaller; heart-shaped
129
Male vs Female Pelvis: Acetabulum
Female: Small and faces anteriorly
Male: Large and faces laterally
130
Male vs Female Pelvis: Obturator formaen
Female: Oval
Male: Round
131
Male vs Female Pelvis: Pubic arch
Female: >90 degrees angle
Male: <90 degrees angle
132
Male vs Female Pelvis: Iliac crest
Female: less curved
Male:more curved
133
Male vs Female Pelvis: Ilium
Female: less vertical
Male: more vertical
134
Male vs Female Pelvis: Greater sciatic notch
F: Wide
M: Narrow
135
Male vs Female Pelvis: Coccyx
FL more mavable
M: less movable
136
Male vs Female Pelvis: Sacrum
F: Shorter, wider
M: Larger, narrower
137
Male vs Female Pelvis: Pelvic outlet
F: Wider
M: Narrower
138
Male vs Female Pelvis: Ischial tuberosity
F: Shorter; farther apart
M: Longer; closer apart
139
Other term for the bones of the pelvis (ilium, ischium, pubis)
False/ Greater Pelvis
140
Circle shape in the pelvis' center
True/ Lesser pelvis
141
How many bones are there in the lower extremities?
32
142
Bones in the lower extremities
- 2 femur
- 2 ibula
- 2 tibia
- 2 patella
- 10 metatarsals
- 14 tarsals
143
Tarsals
Tallus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Third cuneiform, Second cuneiform, First cuneiform, Cuboid
