Midterms | Tissues Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
Groups of cells that has a common origin
A
Tissue
2
Q
Carries out special activities
A
Tissues
3
Q
Study of tissues
A
Histology
4
Q
Histo meaning
A
Tissue
5
Q
Logy meaning
A
Study
6
Q
Physiccians that specializes in cells and tissues
A
Pathologist
7
Q
Term that means “diseases”
A
Patho
8
Q
Term that refers to an individual who studies a specific concept
A
Logist
9
Q
Types of tissues
A
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
10
Q
Covers body surfaces and line hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts
A
Epithelial tissue
11
Q
Forms the glands
A
Epithelial tissue
12
Q
The epithelial tissue covers (1) and line (2), (3), and (4)
A
- body surfaces
- hollow organs
- body cavities
- ducts
13
Q
Protects and supports the body
A
Connective tissue
14
Q
Binds organs together
A
Connective tissue
15
Q
Stores energy reserves as fats
A
Connective tissue
16
Q
Helps in immunity
A
Connective tissue
17
Q
Functions in contraction and generation of force
A
Muscle tissue
18
Q
Generates heat for warmth
A
Muscle tissue
19
Q
Muscle tissue: (1) and (2) of force; generates (3) for warmth
A
- contraction
- generation
- heat
20
Q
Detects changes in and out of the body
A
Nervous tissue
21
Q
Generates electric signals
A
Nervous tissue
22
Q
What do nervous tissues generate?
A
Electric signals
23
Q
Nerve action potential/ nerve impulses that activates muscular contractions and glandular secretions
A
Electric signals
24
Q
Electric signals are (1)/(2) that activates (3) contractions and (4) secretions
A
- nerve action potential
- nerve impulses
- muscular
- glandular
25
Contact points between the plasma membrane of tissue cells
Cell junctions
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Types of cell junctions
Tight junctions
Adherens junctions
Desmosomes
Hemidesmosomes
Gap junctions
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Made-up of web-like strands of transmembrane proteins that fuse together the outer surface
Tight junctions
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Functions of tight junctions
1. Seal off passageways b/n adjacent cells
2. Inhibit passage of substances and prevent the contents of organs to leak into the surrounding tissues/ blood
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Seal off passageways b/n adjacent cells
Tight junctions
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Inhibit passage of substances and prevent the contents of organs to leak into the surrounding tissues/ blood
Tight junctions
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Organs involved in tight junction
Stomach
Intestines
Urinary bladder
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Contains plaque
Adherens junctions
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Dense layer of protein (inside plasma membrane), attached to membrane proteins to microfilaments
Plaque
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Resists separation during various contractile
Adherens juction
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An example of this junction is when the food moves through the intestines
Adherens juction
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Transmembrane glycolipids joins the cell
Cadherins
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Extensive zones that encircle the cell
Adhesion belts
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Desmosomes also contains --- and --- which are present in adherens juctions
plaque; cadherins
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Where are desmosome plaques attached?
intermediate filaments
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These extend to each cell's desmosomes
Intermediate filaments
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Function of desmosomes
Stability of cells
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Organs involved in desmosomes
Epidermis
Cardiac muscle of the heart
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Resembles desmosomes but do not link adjacent cells
Hemidesmosomes
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Transmembrane glycoproteins are attached to the protein laminin
Integrins
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Integrins: (1) are attached to the (2)
1. Transmembrane glycoproteins
2. protein laminin
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Function of hemidesmosomes
Anchor cells to basement membranes
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What are connexins?
membrane proteins
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These form tiny fluid-filled tunnels called connexons
Connexins
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Connexins (membrane proteins) form tiny fluid-filled tunnels called ---
connexons
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3 functions of gap junctions:
1. Small molecules can be (1) from the (2) to another cell
2. Transfers (3)
3. Allows cells to (4)
1. diffused
2. cytosol
3. nutrients and wastes
4. communicate
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They are arranged in continuous sheet
Epithelial tissue
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This forms covering and linings
Epithelial tissue
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3 functions of epithelial tissue
1. (1) barries that limit/aid (2) of substances
2. (3) surface release products
3. (4) that resist abrasion
1. Selective
2. transfer
3. Secretory
4. Protective barrier
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Other term for epithelial tissues
Epithilium
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Surfaces of the epithelial tissue
Apical (Free) Surface
Lateral Surface
Basal Surface
Basal Lamina
Reticular Lamina
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Top/ superficial layer of the epithelium
Apical (free) Surface
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Faces the body surface/ cavity/ lumen
Apical (Free) Surface
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Deepest layer of epithelium that is an chored to the basement membrane
Basal Surface
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Close to epithelial and secreted by epithelial cells
Basal Lamina
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Closer to connective tissue and contains collagen
Reticular Lamina
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Types of epithelial tissue
1. Covering and Lining Epihtelium
2. Glandular Epithelium
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Outer covering of the skin and some internal organs
Covering and lining epithelium
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Forms the finner lining of the blood vessels, ducts, body cavities, interior of respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs
Covering and lining epithelium
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Secreting glands of the glandular epithelium
Thryoid gland
Adrenal gland
Sweat gland
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Types of covering and lining epithelium according to the arrangement of cells in layers
Simple Epithelium
Pseudostratified epithelium
Stratified epithelium
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Epithelium with a single layer
Simple epithelium
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Epithelium that functions in diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion, and absorption
Simple epithelium
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Appears to have multiple layers of cells because the cell nuclei lie at different levels
Pseudostratified epithelium
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Why does pseudostratified epithelium appears to have multiple layers of cells?
because the cell nuclei lie at different levels
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Epithelium that contains cilia
Pseudostratified epithelium
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Epithelium that consists of two or more layers of cells
Stratified epithelium
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Types of covering and lining epithelial tissue according to its cell shape
Squamous cell
Cuboidal cell
Columnar cell
Transitional cell
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flat and thin cell shape
Squamous cell
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Cell shape that function in passage
Squamous cell
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Tall and wide, cube/ hexagon cell shape
Cuboidal cell
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Compare and contrast cuboidal and columnar cells
Cuboidal cell are tall and wide, and can be cube/hexagon in shape. Columnar cells are taller and wide. Both contains microvilli for secretion and absorption. However, columnar cells also function for protection
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Changing cell shapes (squamous-cuboidal)
Transitional cell
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Cell shape that functions for distention/ stretching
Transitional cell
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Function of transitional cell
Distention/ stretching
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Function of glandular epithelium
Secretion
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Types of glandular epithelium
Exocrine
Endocrine
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Differentiate exocrine and endocrine
Endocrine secretes hormones within the body. Exocrine secretes products into ducts and multicellar cells
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Unicellular and multicellular cells
Exocrine glands
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Functional classifications of exocrine glands and their definitions
Merocrine glands: No part of the cell is detached
Apocrine glands: Top part of the cell is detached
Holocrine glands: Entire cell is detached
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Contains immature cells with name ending in 'blasts'
Connective tissues
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Keyword for mature and immature cells
Mature: cyte
Immature: blasts
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Example of connective tissues
fibroblast
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Has extracellular matrix
Connective tissue
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2 classificatiosn of extracellular matrix
Ground substance
Fibers
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Types of cells under connective tissue
Fibroblasat
Macrophages
Plasma Cells
Mast Cells
Adipocytes
White blood cells
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flat cells that secrete fibers
fibroblast
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most numerous type of cells
fibroblast
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a type of WBC that arises from monocytes
macrophages
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they are irregular in shape and engulf bacteria and cellular debris (phagocytosis)
Macrophages
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Classifications of macrophages
Fixed macrophage
Wanering macrophage
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Develops from B lymphocyte (a WBC)
Plasma cells
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What WBC does plasma cells develops from?
B lymphocyte
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Secretes antibodies an dproteins
Plasma cells
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In what tracts are plasma cells present?
GI tract and respiratory tract
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Aside from the 2 tracts, where else can plasma cells be found?
Salivary galnd
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Red bone marrow
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These are abundant in blood vessel
Mast cells
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These produces histamine
Mast cells
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Differentiate histamine vs anti-histamine
Histamine are substances that dilate blood vessels while anti-histamine constrict blood vessels
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These store triglycerides
Adipocytes
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Where can adipicytes be found?
Skin
Hear
Kidneys
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Cells that migrate
WBCs
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Where are WBcs abundant?
Connective tissue
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Classification of ground substances
Fluid
Semifluid
Gelatinous
Calcified
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Supports cells, binds, sotres water, and provides a medium for exchange of substances b/n the blood and cells
Ground substances
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Classification of fibers
Elastic fibers
Reticular fibers
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These have elastic proprety and are plentiful in the skin, blood vessels, walls, and lung tissue
Elastic fibers
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Where are elastic fibers plentiful?
Skin
Blood
Vessels
Walls
Lung tissue
113
Specific extracullar matrix that consists of collagen and function to provide support and strength
Elastic fibers
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Classifications of connective tissue
Embryonic tissue
Mature connectiv etissue
Cartilage
Bone tissue
Liquid connective tissue
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Other terms for muscular tissues
Muscle fibers or Myocytes
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Cell shape of muscular tissues
Elongated cell
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Typse of muscular fibers
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
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Description, location, and function of cardiac muscle
branched, striated fibers
heart wall
pump blood to all parts of the body
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Description, location, and function of smooth muscle
spindle-shaped; non striated
mostly organs
motion
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Description, location, and function of skeletal miscle
long, cylindrical striated fibers
attached to tendons
motion. posture, heat, production, protection
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Cells under nervous tissues
Neurons
Neuroglia
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Nerve cells
neurons
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Cells sensitive to stimuli
Neuroms
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Communication network of the body
neurons
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Parts of the neuron
Cell body
Dendrites
Axon
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Supportive functions that facilitates the functioning of communication networks
Neuroglia
