Midterms | Skeletal System

Question 1

Functions of the skeletal system

Answer 1

• Support structural framework
• Protecs internal organs
• Assistance in movement
• Mineral homeostasis
• Blood cell production
• Triglyceride storage

Question 2

Tendons vs ligaments

Answer 2

Tendons: muscle-bones
Ligaments: bone-bone

Question 3

Storage and release of minerals

Answer 3

Mineral homeostasis

Question 4

Term refering to old patients

Answer 4

Geriatric

Question 5

Bone tissue makes up how many percent of the total body weight?

Answer 5

18%

Question 6

Location of blood cell production

Answer 6

Red bone marrow (RBC, WBC, Platelet)

Question 7

Process of making blood

Answer 7

Homopoiesis

Question 8

Where is triglyceride storage produced?

Answer 8

Yellow bone mmarrow

Question 9

Yellow bone marrow consists of (1) for (2)

Answer 9

1. adipose cells
2. chemical energy reserve

Question 10

Bone marrow difference for infants and adults

Answer 10

Infant: Red bone marrow
Adult/ increasing age: yellow bone marrow

Question 11

Parts of a typical long bone

Answer 11

• Diaphysis
• Epiphysis
• MEtaphysis

Question 12

Bone’s shaft/ body

Answer 12

Diaphysis

Question 13

Long/ main portion of the bone

Answer 13

Diaphysis

Question 14

Proximal and distal end of the bone

Answer 14

Epiphysis

Question 15

Region between diaphysis and epiphysis

Answer 15

Metaphysis

Question 16

Layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the bone to grow in length

Answer 16

Epiphyseal growth plate

Question 17

Epiphyseal growth plate refers to the layer of — that allows the bone to grow in length

Answer 17

hyaline cartilage

Question 18

At ages (1), the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone resulting to the formation of (2)

Answer 18

1. 14-24
2. epiphyseal line

Question 19

Physis/ Growth Plate vs Epiphyseal Line

Answer 19

Physis/ Growth Plate: Occurs on newborn/ infants

Epiphyseal Line: Growth Plate closes (14-24 yrs)

Question 20

Surronds the bone surface that are not covered by articular cartilage

Answer 20

Periosteum

Question 21

Where is the periosteum connected?

Answer 21

Sharpey’s fiber

Question 22

Other term for sharpey’s fiber

Answer 22

Perforating fibers

Question 23

Collagen that extends from the periosteum and to the bone’s extracellular matrix

Answer 23

sharpey’s fiber

Question 24

Sharpey’s fiber is a (1) that extends from the (2) and to the bone’s (3)

Answer 24

1. collagen
2. periosteum
3. extracellular matrix

Question 25

Other term for medullary cavity

Answer 25

marrow cavity

Question 26

Hollow cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains yellow bone marrow

Answer 26

Medullary cavity

Question 27

Medullary cavity minimizes (1) and maximizes (2)

Answer 27

1. weight 2. strength

Question 28

Types of cells in the bone

Answer 28

1. Osteoprogenitor/ Osteogenic cells 2. Osteoblasts 3. Osteocytes 4. Osteoclasts

Question 28

Contains single layer of bone-forming cells

Answer 28

Endosteum

Question 28

Thin membrane tha tlines the medullary cavity

Answer 28

Endosteum

Question 29

Unspecialized bones stem cells derived from mesenchyme

Answer 29

Osteoprogenitor/ Osteogenic cells

Question 30

Where do Osteoprogenitor/ Osteogenic cells come from?

Answer 30

Mesenchyme

Question 31

Where connective tissues are formed

Answer 31

Mesenchyme

Question 32

The only bone that undergo cell division

Answer 32

Osteoprogenitor/ Osteogenic cells

Question 33

Where are osteoprogenitor/ osteogenic cells found?

Answer 33

Inner portion os the periosteum, endosteum, and canals within the bone with blood vessels

Question 34

Bone building cells

Answer 34

Osteoblasts

Question 35

Synthesize ans secrete collagen to build the extracellular matrix

Answer 35

Osteoblasts

Question 36

Initiates calcification

Answer 36

Osteoblasts

Question 37

Hardening of calcium/ any minerals

Answer 37

Calcification

Question 38

Osteoblasts become osteocytes when ---

Answer 38

trapped

Question 39

Mature bone cells

Answer 39

Osteocytes

Question 40

Maintains the metabolism in the bone such as the exchange of nutrients and wastes in the blood

Answer 40

Osteocytes

Question 41

Osteocytes maintains the metabolism in the bone such as the exchange of (1) and (2) in the blood

Answer 41

1. nutrients 2. wastes

Question 42

Derived from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes (WBC)

Answer 42

Osteoclasts

Question 43

Where are osteoclasts derived?

Answer 43

fusion of as many as 50 monocytes (WBC)

Question 44

Releases powerful lysomal enzymes and acids that digests protein and mineral components

Answer 44

Osteoclasts

Question 45

Where are osteoclasts concentrated?

Answer 45

Endosteum

Question 46

Osteoblasts vs Osteoclasts

Answer 46

Osteoblasts BUILD bones; Osteoclasts CARVE OUT bones