Finals Study Questions

Question 1

3 parts of the Cell theory

Answer 1

1. all living things are composed of cells
2. cells are basic unit of structure and function in all living things
3. all cells come from preexisting cells

Question 2

How would you recognize a prokaryotic cell under a microscope?

Answer 2

They do not have a nucleus

Question 3

What does a nucleus do?

Answer 3

contains and stores DNA

Question 4

What is the relationship between the nucleus and the cytoplasm?

Answer 4

the cytoplasm surrounds and suspends nucleus

Question 5

organelle that breaks down other organelles and other cells

Answer 5

lysosomes

Question 6

organelle that stores salts and water

Answer 6

vacuoles

Question 7

what structure makes proteins and where are they made?

Answer 7

makes proteins: ribosomes
made in: nucleolus

Question 8

organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

Answer 8

golgi apparatus

Question 9

organelle that converts chemical energy in food to compounds that the cell can use to make energy

Answer 9

mitochondria

Question 10

two organelles that are involved in energy conversion

Answer 10

mitochondria & chloroplasts

Question 11

How is cell wall different from cell membrane?

Answer 11

every cell has a cell membrane but not a cell wall

Question 12

primary functions of the cell membrane

Answer 12

-regulates what enters and leaves the cell
-supports & protects the cell

Question 13

Where are protein synthesizers made and where are most of them located?

Answer 13

made in: Nucleolus
located in: Rough ER & Cytoplasm

Question 14

largest structure in a plant cell

Answer 14

central vacuole

Question 15

movement of materials across the cell membrane without using cellular energy

Answer 15

passive transport

Question 16

process by which molecules of a substance move from areas of high concentration of that substance to areas of lower concentration

Answer 16

diffusion

Question 17

molecules that cannot directly diffuse across the membrane pass through special protein channels

Answer 17

facilitated diffusion

Question 18

the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Answer 18

osmosis

Question 19

the concentration of solute molecules is the same inside and outside the cell

Answer 19

isotonic solution

Question 20

the solution has a higher solute concentration than solute concentration inside the cell

Answer 20

hypertonic solution

Question 21

the solution has a lower solute concentration than solute concentration inside the cell

Answer 21

hypotonic solution

Question 22

movement of molecules against a concentration difference from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

Answer 22

active transport

Question 23

a vesicle form that large molecules, clumps of food or complete cells can be surrounded by and then forms a vacuole to pull item into cell

Answer 23

Endocytosis

Question 24

the forcing out of substances from the cell membrane using vacuoles and vesicles

Answer 24

Exocytosis

Question 25

large solids are taken into the cell

Answer 25

Phagocytosis

Question 26

large liquids are taken into the cell

Answer 26

Pinocytosis

Question 27

group of similar cells that perform a similar function

Answer 27

tissue

Question 28

group of tissues that work together

Answer 28

organ

Question 29

group of organs that work to complete the system

Answer 29

organ system

Question 30

to respond a cell must have a ________ that the signal binds to

Answer 30

receptor

Question 31

what has to be true in order for diffusion to occur?

Answer 31

-areas of different concentrations -equilibrium must be reached

Question 32

what happens to a blood cell when placed in hypertonic solution?

Answer 32

cell will shrivel because of loss of osmotic pressure

Question 33

what happens to a red blood cell when placed in isotonic solution?

Answer 33

the blood cell will remain the same because osmotic pressure remains the same

Question 34

what happens to a red blood cell when placed in hypotonic solution?

Answer 34

the blood cell will lyse(explode) due to increase in osmotic oressure

Question 35

no change in solution concentration level in the cell or solution

Answer 35

equilibrium

Question 36

ATP consists of:

Answer 36

an adenine 5 carbon sugar (ribose) 3 phosphate groups

Question 37

____________ is released when the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken

Answer 37

energy

Question 38

what happens when the third phosphate group brakes off from the second phosphate group

Answer 38

it creates ADP

Question 39

light absorbing molecules

Answer 39

photosynthetic pigments

Question 40

where are chlorophyll pigments found

Answer 40

in thylakoid membrane

Question 41

When chlorophyll absorbs light energy it causes the electrons to _______________.

Answer 41

become energized

Question 42

compound that can accept a pair of high energy electrons and transfer them, along with most of their energy, to another molecule

Answer 42

electron carrier (NADP+)