First Aid 125-148 Flashcards by Mary Slome

Infection of liver capsule and violin-string adhesions to the peritoneum

complication of PID and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Fitz-Hughes-Curtis syndrome

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Pertussis toxin disables

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EHEC (dysentery) is different from other E. Coli strains in that

It does not ferment sorbitol

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Rose spots on abdomen
Constipation
Fever
Abdominal pain

Typhoid fever
Salmonella typhi
Tx fluoroquinolone, ceftriaxone
Immune response - primarily monocytes

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myalgias (of calves);
jaundice;
photophobia;
flu-like symptoms;
conjunctival suffusion (no exudate)

Leptospirosis

animal urine

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Severe leptospirosis w/ liver dysfunction, azotemia, fever, hemorrhage, anemia

Weil disease

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False positive VDRL with:
V
D
R
L

Viral infections (ie EBV, hepatitis)
Drugs
Rheumatic fever
Lupus/leprosy

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Direction of rash in typhus

Starts centrally, spreads outward, sparing palms and soles;

Rickettsia typhi

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3 organisms that cause rash on palms and soles

Rickettsia rickettsii
Cocksackie A virus
Treponema palladium

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Monocytes with morulae

Mulberry-like inclusions

Erlichiosis

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Granulocytes with morulae

Anaplsmosis

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Most common cause of culture negative endocarditis

Coxiella burnetti

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Coccidiodes is dimorphic but forms what in tissue, instead of a yeast?

Spherule

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Eruptive skin xanthomas
Acute pancreatitis
lipemia retinalis
hepatosplenomegaly

Familial chylomicronmia
no increased risk of CAD
creamy supernatant blood sample

deficient LPL, and ApoC-II
elevated chylomicrons

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Pyruvate kinase deficiency causes chronic hemolytic anemia, splenomegaly and iron overload as a result of

impaired RBC survival

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The two most important factors for osteoclast differentiation

Macrophage colony stimulating-factor (M-CSF)
receptor for activated nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANK-L)
both produced by osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells

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What cytokines are necessary to mediate the Th1 response (granuloma formation) in TB?

IL-12, interferon-gamma and TNF-alpha

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What hypothalamic nucleus

Circadian rhythm regulation and pineal gland function

Suprachiasmatic

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What hypothalamic nucleus

Secretion of ADH and oxytocin

Supraoptic

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What hypothalamic nucleus

ADH, corticotropin-releasing hormone, oxytocin, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone secretion

Paraventricular

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What hypothalamic nucleus

Secretion of dopamine (inhibits prolactin), growth hormone-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Arcuate

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What hypothalamic nucleus

Mediates heat conservation, destruction leads to hypothermia

Posterior

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What hypothalamic nucleus

Mediates heat dissipation, destruction leads to hyperthermia

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What hypothalamic nucleus

Mediates hunger, destruction leads to anorexia

Lateral

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What hypothalamic nucleus | Mediates satiety, destruction leads to hyperphagia

Ventromedial

Defects in MSH2, MLH1, MSH6 and PMS2 Name of syndrome Cancers caused

Lynch syndrome | colorectal, endometrial, ovarian

Aspergillus branches at

45 degree angles Immunocompromised and CGD at risk populations

Bronchiectasis and eosinophilia hypersensitivity response associated with asthma, cystic fibrosis

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)

Soap bubble lesions on brain | Give organism, how to culture, how to stain, how to diagnoise

``` Cryptococcus neoformans (not dimorphic); India ink or mucicarmine red stain; Lates agglutination test for polysaccharide capsule; Cryptococcal encephalitis or meningitis; Inhalation with hematogenous spread; Found in soil, pigeon droppings Culture on Sabouraud agar ```

Disc like yeast on methenamine silver stain; | Diffuse, bilateral ground-glass opacities on CXR/CT

Pneumocystis jirovecii

Dimorphic; | Cigar-shaped, budding yeast that grows in branching hyphae with rosettes of conidia

Sporothrix schenckii Tx itraconazole or potassium iodide

Protozoan that causes fatty stool

Giardia lamblia | multinucleated trophozoites or cysts in stool

Anchovy paste exudate on liver

Entaemoeba histolytica; Histology shows flask-shaped ulcer; Trophozoites with engulfed RBCs

What treatment for cryptosporidium in immunocompetent hosts?

Nitazoxanide

What two organisms penetrate the cribiform plate?

Mucor; | Naegleria - amoebas in spinal fluid

Enlarged lymph nodes; Recurring fever due to antigenic variation; Somnolence; Coma

Trypanosoma brucei; Tse tse fly bite is painful; Trypomastigote on blood smear

Tx for African sleeping sickness

Suramin for blood-borne disease; | Melarsoprol for CNS penetration

Schnuffer stippling of RBCs | What organisms?

P vivax, P ovale; | tertian (1st and 3rd) cycle

P. malariae has what fever cycle?

72 hours - quartan

MOA Chloroquine

blocks plasmodium heme polymerase

What two malaria medications require prior testing for G6PD deficiency before administration?

Primaquine (for hypnozoites); | Artesunate - IV - for life-threatening illness

Romana sign, unilateral periorbital swelling, is a sign of the acute phase of: Treat with "CRUZing in my BENZ with a FUR coat on" - explain

Chagas disease - Trypanosoma cruzi | Treat with Benznidazole, Nifurtimox

Macrophages containing amastigotes | Organism, Treatment

Leishmania donovani | Ampho B, Sodium stibogluconate

Nematode that can cause intestinal infection with possible obstruction at ileocecal valve

Ascaris lumbricoides aka giant roundworm

Nematode that can cause intestinal infection that can mimic a peptic ulcer

Strongyloides stercoralis aka threadworm; Larvae in soil penetrate skin; Tx albendaole or ivermectin

Cutaneous larva migrans is a pruritic, serpiginous rash from walking barefoot on a contaminated beach

Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus (hookworms, a kind of nematode = roundworm); Tx bendaoles, pyrantel pamoate

Why myalgia in trichinosis?

Larvae enter bloodstream and encyst in striated muscle; Tx bendazoles; Trichinella spiralis is a roundworm; Also causes periorbital edema

Cause of elephantiasis; | Treatment

Wuchereria bancrofti; Female mosquito; Tx diethylcarbamazine (same tx as for loa loa infection)

Echinococcus granulosus is a tapeworm (cestode) that causes hytatid cysts in the liver. What is a complication of this infection?

Anaphylaxis if antigens are released - inject cysts with ethanol or hypertonic saline before removal; Transmission - ingestion of eggs from dog feces; Sheep are intermediate hosts; Tx albendazole

Treatment for trematodes (flukes)

Praziquantel | Also good for most tapeworms (cestodes)

Infection with what fluke causes pigmented gallstones and is associated with cholangiocarcinoma

Clonorchis sinensis - from undercooked fish

Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus cause intestional infection with

microcytic anemia

Associate what parasites with portal hypertension?

Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosome japonicum

Relapsing fever

Borrelia recurrentis - louse | variable surface antigens

Source of psitacosis

Parrots | Chlamydia psittaci

All DNA viruses are dsDNA except

Parvovirus - ssDNA

All DNA viruses are linear except

Papilloma Polyoma Hepadnaviruses Circular)

All RNA viruses are ssRNA except

Reoviridae

All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus except

Poxvirus

All RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm except

Influenza and Retroviruses

BK virus

Polyomavirus - transplant patients, targets kidneys ("Bad Kidneys")

First Aid 125-148 Flashcards

(61 cards)