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First Aid 197-220 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which immunoglobulins fix complement?

A

IgG

IgM

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2
Q

IgE binds to

A

mast cells and basophils;

activates eosinophils

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3
Q

What must be present to facilitate the presentation of an antigen by MHC?

A

Peptide component

For example, LPS is completely made of polysaccharide, and therefore cannot be presented to T cells

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4
Q

What are the two main opsonins?

A

C3b (b binds bacteria)

IgG

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5
Q

PNH is caused by GPI-anchored enzyme deficiency, aka:

A

DAF (delay-accelerating factor)

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6
Q

What is the reaction catalyzed by G6PD?

A

Glucose-6-P –> 6-phosphogluconate;

requires NADP+ –> NADPH (from HMP shunt)

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7
Q

What interferon is critical for immunity against viral infections and intracellular bacterial?

A

IFN-gamma

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8
Q

Where is CD14 found?

A

Macrophages;

CD14 is a receptor for PAMPS ie LPS

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9
Q

What is anergy?

A

T and B cells cannot become activated if no co-stimulatory signal is provided

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10
Q

Toxoid is an example of what kind of immunity?

A

Active

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11
Q

What hypersensitivity reactions are antibody mediated?

A

I, II, III

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12
Q

Direct Coomb’s test detects

A

antibodies that have adhered to a patient’s RBCs;

example, test an Rh + infant of an Rh - mother

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13
Q

Eczema is what kind of hypersensitivity reaction?

Contact dermatitis?

A

Eczema - type I

Contact dermatitis - type IV

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14
Q

Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction

What kind of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type II

Host antibodies against donor HLA antigens/WBCs

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15
Q

Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction

What kind of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type II
ie ABO blood group incompatibility
hemoglobinuria = intravascular hemolysis
jaundice = extravascular hemolysis

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16
Q

Give the associated disorder with the following autoantibody:
anti-CCP

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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17
Q

Give the associated disorder with the following autoantibody:
Anti-U1 RNP (ribonuceloprotein)

A

Mixed connective tissue disease

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18
Q

Give the associated disorder with the following autoantibody:
Anti-smooth muscle

A

Autoimmune hepatitis type I

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19
Q

Give the associated disorder with the following autoantibody:
Antiphospholipase A2 rceptor

A

Primary membranous nephropathy

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20
Q

Give the associated disorder with the following autoantibody:
Antimitochondrial antibody

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

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21
Q

Give the associated disorder with the following autoantibody:
Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD-65)

A

Type 1 DM

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22
Q

STAT3 mutation results in deficiency of Th17 cells;
Leads to impaired recruitment of neutrophils to sites of infection;
Dx?

Study These Flashcards
A 
Job syndrome aka AD Hyper-IgE syndrome;
"FATED" 
coarse Facies;
staph Abscesses (non-inflamed);
retained primary Teeth;
increase IgE and low IFN-gamma;
Dermatologic problems ie eczema
23
Q

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis involves dysfunction of what cell type?

24
Q

Selective IgA deficiency is a disorder of what cell type?

25
CVID is a disorder or what cell type?
B cells
26
IL-2R gamma chain dysfunction; | X-linked
A kind of SCID
27
Ataxia telangectasia involves deficiency of what immunglobulin?
IgA, IgG, IgE; | combined B and T cell disorder
28
Inheritance of: Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome Hyper IgM syndrome Chronic granulomatous disease
X-linked recessive
29
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency is the result of a defect in what protein on phagocytes?
LFA-1 integrin (CD18) protein; | AR
30
Phagocyte dysfunction disorder with giant granules in granulocytes and platelets; Dx?
Chediak-Higashi syndrome; | AR
31
Chronic transplant rejection involves what kind of hypersensitivity reactions?
Types II and IV; reaction is dominated by forms of arteriosclerosis GVHD is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction
32
Main AE of cyclosporine
nephrotoxicity
33
MOA cyclosporine
calcineurin inhibitor binds cyclophilin prevents IL-2 transcription Tacrolimus (aka FK506) also prevents IL-2 transcription
34
What medication blocks mTOR by binding to FKBP and is used to prevent kidney transplant rejection?
Sirolimus Kidney "sir"vives prevents response to IL-2
35
What monoclonal antibodies are used as immunosuppressants because they bind to the IL-2 receptor?
Basiliximab | Deaclizumab
36
6MP (is Azathioprine) is degraded by
xanthine oxidase
37
Alemtuzumab targets:
CD52 for CLL, MS "aLYMtuzumab"
38
Bevacizumab targets:
VEGF | colorectal cancer, RCC, neovascular age-related macular degeneration
39
Cetuximab targets:
EGFR | stage IV colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer
40
Rituximab targets:
CD20 | CLL, B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, RA, ITP
41
Trastuzumab targets:
Her2/neu
42
What mab to use for high risk infants for RSV prophylaxis?
Pavilizumab
43
Abciximab targets:
platelet glycoproteins IIb/IIIa; | use in PCI to prevent ischemic complication
44
Bcl2 prevents cytochrome c release by binding to and inhibiting
APAF-1 | APAF-1 normally binds cytochrome c and induces activation of caspase 9 --> caspase cascade
45
Nocardia causes what kind of cellular necrosis?
Caseous
46
How does fibrinoid necrosis look on stain?
Vessel walls are thick and pink; ie fibrinoid necrosis of the placenta in pre-ecclampsia; immune complexes combine with fibrin --> vessel wall damage
47
A common cause of Budd-Chiari syndrome
Polycythemia vera
48
Neurons most vulnerable to hypoxic-ischemic insults include:
Purkinje cells of the cerebellum; | pyramidal cells of the hippocampus and neocortex
49
Parts of colon most vulnerable to ischemia
rectum | splenic flexure
50
Cyanosis Chocolate-colored blood Dx?
Methemoglobinemia | PaO2 normal, SaO2 down because Iron in heme has been oxidized to Fe3+ --> cannot bind oxygen
51
Area of the cell that oxidizes *very long chain* FA and FA with branch points at odd numbered carbons through beta oxidation
peroxisome Peroxisome defects result in build up of toxins and early death ie Zellwegger syndrome (leads to improper CNS myelination), Refsum disease Mitochondria can beta oxidize only some/short FA
52
Why can dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (Amlodipine, Nifedipine) cause peripheral edema?
Preferential dilation of the arterioles increases hydrostatic pressure
53
Most common genetic source of Turner syndrome and missing gene
``` Meiotic nondisjunction (paternal) Missing SHOX gene which contributes to long bone growth ``` Meiotic nondisjunction also implicated in trisomy 13, 18, 21 and Klinefelter syndrome
54
Benzos ok to use in patients with impaired liver function
Lorazepam Oxazepam Temazepam

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