First Aid

Question 1

Good Samaritan Law

Answer 1

Protection for people who willingly provide emergency care WITHOUT accepting anything in return; ppl who provide reasonable care and act in good faith

Question 2

Symptoms of Cardiac Emergencies

Answer 2

1. Persistent chest discomfort
2. Breathing difficulty
3. Changes in pulse
4. Skin appearance
5. Other– nausea, back, jaw, or arm pain, dizziness

Question 3

CARE FOR CARDIAC EMERGENCIES

Answer 3

• Recognize symptoms
• CALL 911
• Tell victim to stop and rest
• Loosen any tight clothing
• Place victim in most comfortable position
• Monitor changes in victim’s appearance and behavior
• Comfort victim
• Assist with medication
• Provide CPR

Question 4

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Answer 4

1. Place victim on back
2. Place heel of one hand on center of chest and the other hand on top
3. With arms straight, perform chest compressions until AED/paramedics arrive – approx. 100/minute

Question 5

CPR Infant

Answer 5

use 2 fingers on chest just below nipples; keep one hand on infant’s forehead to maintain airway

Question 6

Stroke Symptoms

Answer 6

• Sudden weakness or numbness of face, arm, or leg; usually on one side of body
• Difficulty talking
• Blurred or dimmed vision
• Sudden severe headache, dizziness, or confusion

Question 7

What is a stroke?

Answer 7

•Blockage of blood and oxygen to the brain

Question 8

Stroke acronym

Answer 8

Think FAST:
•F = Face – Ask victim to smile
•A = Arm – Ask victim to raise both arms
•S = Speech – Ask victim to repeat a simple sentence
•T = Time – Time is of the essence! Call 911 if a stroke is suspected!

Question 9

Choking

Answer 9

–Ask victim “Are you choking?”  may be nonverbal
•Identify yourself & ask permission to help
–Encourage victim to cough or talk
•If not possible, call 911
–Stand next to victim with arm across chest & lean forward
•Give 5 back blows between shoulder blades w/ heel of hand
–Stand behind victim & wrap arms around abdomen
•Make a fist, thumb side to stomach, 1 inch above belly button (navel)
•Perform 5 abdominal thrusts
–Repeat sequence until object is forced out

Question 10

Child Choking

Answer 10

same as adult but may need to perform sequence kneeling

Question 11

Infant choking

Answer 11

• perform back blows with baby braced against the thigh

* Chest thrusts are performed using 2 fingers (similar to infant CPR)

Question 12

What is a contusion?

Answer 12

Bruise

Question 13

What is an abrasion?

Answer 13

Scrape- painful, easily infected

Question 14

Laceration

Answer 14

cut; bleeds freely, may be deep or superficial

Question 15

Avulsion

Answer 15

tissue is partly or completely torn away

Question 16

Puncture

Answer 16

caused by pointed object; little bleeding, easily infected

Question 17

Embedded object– what to do

Answer 17

• Don’t remove object
• Keep still by applying support around the object
• Don’t press directly on object; instead apply pressure around the object
• Wrap in place with sterile, roller bandage

Question 18

What is shock?

Answer 18

●Life-threatening condition that occurs when body isn’t getting enough blood flow

●Cells and organs aren’t getting enough oxygen and nutrients to function properly  if deprived long enough can lead to organ failure

Question 19

Shock symptoms

Answer 19

●Restlessness
●Altered consciousness (disoriented, confused)
●Skin is pale, cool, moist
●Bluish nails and lips
●Nausea and vomiting
●Shallow breathing
●Shaking or shivering

Question 20

How to minimize shock

Answer 20

●Call 911

●Victim should lie down with legs elevated 12” if possible

●Control external bleeding/other wounds

●Maintain body temp and loosen tight clothing

●Comfort and reassure victim

●Do not give food or water

Question 21

What is a strain?

Answer 21

overstretching/tearing of tendons and muscles

Question 22

What is a sprain?

Answer 22

overstretching/tearing of ligaments

Question 23

What is dislocation?

Answer 23

when bones that form a joint are out of alignment

Question 24

What is a fracture?

Answer 24

Broken bone

Question 25

What is RICE? When should you use it?

Answer 25

* Rest * Immobilize * Cold * Elevate Injuries to bones and joints

Question 26

Types of Splints

Answer 26

* Anatomic * Soft * Sling and binder * Rigid

Question 27

HEAD, NECK, BACK INJURIES | Signs ; Symptoms

Answer 27

●Extreme back pain or pressure ●Weakness or incoordination in any part of body ●Numbness or tingling in hands & feet

Question 28

HEAD, NECK, BACK INJURIES | What to do

Answer 28

●DO NOT MOVE VICTIM; call 911 ●Damage to spinal cord nerves  paralysis ●Place hands along side of head ●Maintain in-line stabilization

Question 29

Describe 1st degree burns

Answer 29

●Redness, swelling, pain

Question 30

Minor Burns treatment

Answer 30

●Cool water 10-15 minutes ●Remove tight items ●Don’t pop blisters •Soap; water •Antibiotic ointment •Nonstick gauze ●Apply moisturizer

Question 31

Major Burns treatment

Answer 31

●Call 911 ●Check for signs of circulation  CPR ●Remove tight items ●Elevate area ●Cover using cool, moist bandage

Question 32

Where are Heat cramps usually located?

Answer 32

usually in legs or abdomen

Question 33

Heat exhaustion symptoms

Answer 33

headache, nausea, dizziness, heavy sweating, weakness, goose bumps

Question 34

HEAT STROKE symptoms

Answer 34

●Rapid heartbeat ●Rapid, shallow breathing ●Altered consciousness ●Fainting

Question 35

Treating Heat Stroke

Answer 35

``` ●Move to shady or air conditioned area ●Call 911 ●Cover with damp sheets or spray with cool water ●Direct air flow to victim ●Drink cool water ```

Question 36

Frostbite definition and symptoms

Answer 36

Freezing of skin and underlying tissue | ●Skin becomes cold and red then numb, hard and pale

Question 37

Treatment of Frostbite

Answer 37

●Check for hypothermia ●Tuck hands into armpits ●Don’t rub affected area ●Soak area in warm water for 15-30 minutes

Question 38

HYPOTHERMIA definition

Answer 38

When more heat is lost than your body can generate

Question 39

Hypothermia treatment

Answer 39

●Call 911 ●Move out of the cold – cover head ●Remove wet clothing ●Don’t apply direct heat  warm compresses to center of body

Question 40

What are the 5 methods of poisoning? Name examples of how each can occur

Answer 40

●Swallowed: food, drink, drugs, non-food items ●Absorbed through skin: cleaning & gardening products, plant poisons ●Inhaled: fumes ●Splashed in eye: cleaning, gardening, household products ●Injected through skin: venom from bites & stings, drugs

Question 41

Signs; Symptoms of Poisoning

Answer 41

``` ●Burns or redness around mouth/lips ●Breath/clothes smells like chemicals ●Enlarged pupils ●Change in heart rate and breathing ●Vomiting ●Confusion ```

Question 42

What should you do if a poison is swallowed?

Answer 42

call Poison Control @ 1-800-222-1222 and follow instructions; monitor person’s condition

Question 43

ABCs

Answer 43

Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Severe Bleeding

Question 44

Describe 2nd degree burns

Answer 44

●Red, white or splotchy skin, swelling, pain, blisters

Question 45

Describe 3rd degree burns

Answer 45

●Charred black or white

Question 46

Heat stroke occurs when body temperature is ____ degrees Fahrenheit a. 100 b. 104 c. 105 d. 110

Answer 46

104+

Question 47

Hypothermia occurs when body temperature goes below a. 97 b. 96 c. 95 d. 94

Answer 47

95 degrees Fahrenheit

Question 48

What should you do if a poison is absorbed through the skin?

Answer 48

remove contaminated clothing; wash area w/ soap & water for at least 10 minutes

Question 49

What should you do if a poison is inhaled?

Answer 49

get victim to fresh air, monitor victim

Question 50

What should you do if a poison is in one's eye?

Answer 50

irrigate eye w/ fresh water; apply sterile bandage; seek medical help

Question 51

What should you do if a poison is injected?

Answer 51

keep still and make a splint; keep below the heart