First Aid And Rescue Flashcards
(108 cards)
0
Q
Lack of oxygen for as little as ______minutes can cause Brian damage.
A
4
1
Q
What are the ABC’s of basic life support
A
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
2
Q
What are the two ways to open the airway?
A
Head tilt/chin lift
Jaw thrust
3
Q
How many breaths should you give before monte ring the airway
A
2
4
Q
The process of supplying oxygen to the body through the lungs and the simultaneous removal of carbon dioxide
A
Ventilation (respiratory)
5
Q
What should you check for if successful and ventilation
A
Carotid pulse
6
Q
CPR, what surface should he be lying on?
A
Flat and firm
7
Q
What are the four reasons when you should stop CPR?
A
- Circulation and ventilation are restored
- Another person resumes CPR
- A physician assumes responsibility or orders you to stop
- The individual giving CPR is unable to continue
8
Q
How deep should a compression be on an adult in CPR?
A
1 1/2 to 2 inches
9
Q
What is the rate of compression.
A
100 beats per minute
10
Q
What is the compression depth and rate for a child?
A
1/3 inch and 100 per minute
11
Q
Where are the hands placed on an adult, child and infant in CPR?
A
Adult both under sternum, child one on sternum and other under head, infant use index and middle fingers
12
Q
What are the 6 symptoms of myocardial infarction ?
A
Chest pain Shortness of breath Sudden weakness, nausea and sweating Anxiety Unconsciousness Death
13
Q
What is the cause of myocardial infarction ?
A
Result of atherosclerosis. Layer of fat beneath inner cell layer and artery.
14
Q
What is angina pectoris?
A
Spasmodic chest pain, restricted blood flow to heart
15
Q
How is angina treated?
A
Rest and medication..nitroglycerin
16
Q
How is heart attack different than angina?
A
Lasts longer than 30 minutes, not caused by exertion and not treated by nitroglycerin
17
Q
How can you treat heart attack?
A
Act calm, give oxygen, IV for lifeline to give drugs and position
18
Q
What is the term for a blood vessels wall becoming weakened and protruding.
A
Aneurism
19
Q
What are symptoms of a stroke?
A
Behavior, loss of control of one side of body, unequal hand pressure, face drooping, difficulty moving or weakness in arms or legs
20
Q
What does it mean if there is high BP and slow pulse?
A
Brain swelling
21
Q
Define avulsion
A
Injury when entire pie e of skin is torn loose or hanging
22
Q
Define abrasion.
A
Rug or mat burn. Loss of outer portion of skin..caused by skin rubbing surface
23
Q
Define laceration
A
Cut by sharp object. May pass through skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles or nerves
24
Define puncture wound
Produced by knife, nail or object. Wound to Internal organs are life threatening
25
List four methods with wound care.
1. Direct pressure with sterile material
2. Elevate wound or appendage
3. Apply arterial pressure
4. Tourniquet mark with TK on head
26
What are signs of internal bleeding?
Vomiting bright red blood, dark stools, bright red blood from rectum,
27
The main artery that passes up the neck and supply the head.
Carotid artery
| They can be felt on both sides of the head.
28
Located above the trachea and below the tongue. It also contains the vocal cords.
Larynx
29
The cartilage located at the lower end of the sternum.
Diploid process.
30
The breast bone
The sternum
31
What is the sternum
The breast bone
32
The body part between the neck and the pelvis.
The trunk
33
What are the 3 serious consequences of MI
Death from the hearts inability to properly move blood.
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Shock
34
What percentage of people who experience MI die before they reach medical treatment facilities?
1/2 or 50%
35
CHF frequently occurs after an MI. A patient with CHF has ______in his/her lungs. He/she will have difficulty breathing and will usually feel best ________
Fluid
| In a sitting position
36
Damage or death of a portion of the heart muscle usually occurring in the left ventricle. It is caused by a reduction in the blood supply to the area.
Myocardial Infarction. (MI)
37
A disease condition marked by spasmodic chest pain. Associated with restricted blood flow to the heart and usually relieved by rest and medication.
Angina pectoris
38
A drug that dilates the blood vessels allowing more blood flow.
Nitro
Nitroglycerin
Often used to relieve pain associated wi angina pectoris.
39
One of the 2 lower chambers of the heart.
Ventricles.
40
Shock caused form the lessening of cardiac output. This is usually the result of primary heart disease.
Cardiogenic shock.
41
A stroke which is characterized by restricted blood supply to some part of the brain
Cerebrovascular accident
42
What is the most common cause of stroke?
Clotting of the cerebral vessel where atherosclerotic disease is present.
43
What are the 3 types of stroke
Occlusion(blockage)
Rupture of an artery
A blood clot that forms elsewhere in the body and moves to the brain
44
Care for stroke patients should include
Observation
Oxygen
I.V.
And notation of characteristic signs
45
Very high blood pressure combine with a slow pulse indicates________
Brain swelling
46
In a stroke patient you should avoid _________ that _________ and avoid _______and transport to an emergency care facility
Comments
Increase anxiety
Giving fluids by mouth
47
What does subcutaneous mean?
Below the skin
48
What are 4 types of soft tissue injuries
Avulsions
Abrasions
Lacerations
Punctures
49
A _______ is an injury which an entire piece of skin, with barring portions of subcutaneous tissue or muscle, is torn loose and is hanging as a flap.
Avulsion
50
An ______ is sometimes called a rug or mat burn. It is the loss of outer portion of the skin, usually caused from being rubbed or scraped across a hard surface.
abrasion
51
A ______ is a cut produced by a knife, razor or sharp object. It may pass through the tissue subcutaneous tissue, the underlying muscle, and the associated nerves and blood vessels.
Laceration
52
A______ is produced by a knife, nail, sharp object,or a gunshot. External bleeding usually is not as much of a problem with a _________ as the possible life threatening blood loss due to injury of the internal organs.
Puncture wound
53
A indication of blood loss would be _______
Low blood pressure
54
What are 4 methods of dealing with a wound?
Direct pressure to the injured site( preferably with sterile material)
Elevate the wound or appendage
Apply arterial pressure at a pressure point of the supply artery
As a last resort, a tourniquet should be applied
55
A wound patient should be __________ and not ______
Kept quiet
| Not allowed to move
56
When applying a tourniquet a_______ or ______ should be used.
Wide bandage
| Blood pressure cuff.
57
What 3 things should never be used as a tourniquet.
Wire
Small diameter rope
Or cord.
58
When a tourniquet is placed on a patient you should write the letter ______ on the ________
TK
| Forehead
59
Vomiting of bright read blood can be a symptom of ________
Internal bleeding from injury or disease
60
The passage or dark tar like stool or bright red blood from the rectum is indicative of _______
Internal bleeding
61
What are the 7 types if shock
```
Hemorrhagic (loss of blood)
Obstructive shock(lack of oxygen)
Neurogenic shock (loss of nervous control of the vascular system)
Cardiogenic shock (inadequate functioning of the heart)
Anaphylactic shock (allergic reaction)
Metabolic shock(loss of body fluids, dehydration)
```
62
Shock produced when muscles of the look vessels are temporarily or permanently paralyzed. The vessels tend to dilate and more blood than normal is required to fill them.
Neurogenic
63
Shock brought on as the result of the loss of large amounts of blood from the blood vessels.
Hemorrhagic shock
64
Shock cause from insufficient oxygen supply in the body or inability to breath
Obstructive
65
A fainting spell usually brought on by the dilation of blood vessels caused from emotional stimuli
Psychogenic shock
66
A condition which develops rapidly and is caused by an individuals hypersensitivity to a drug or foreign object. Sometime referred to as an allergic reaction.
Anaphylactic shock
67
State do shock produced by excessive loss of body fluid and or minerals.
Metabolic
68
What are the 8 sign and symptoms of shock
Restlessness and anxiety
Weak rapid pulse
Cold moist skin
Face, lips, and nail beds become cyanotic (blue from lack of oxygen)
Respirations may become shallow and labored
Extreme thirst and the sensation of needing to vomit
Blood pressure falls
Unconsciousness
69
What are some (9) treatments for shock
```
Monitor ABC's
Elevate feet
Handled carefully and reassured
Cover the patient to help prevent heat loss
Kept lying down unless it is difficult to breath
Give oxygen
IV for volume replacement
Use an anti shock garment
Do not give food or liquid
```
70
A condition marked by weakness, nausea, dizziness and profuse sweating. Usually is the result of physical exertion in hot environments
Heat exhaustion
71
What are the symptoms of heat exhaustion
```
Dizziness,
Fainting
Nausea
The skin is cool ashen and moist
Vital sign are usually normal
```
72
What is the treatment for heat exhaustion
Same as shock
73
A condition brought on by exposure to high temperatures.
Heat stroke
74
What are the characteristics of heat stroke
Cessation of sweating
High body temperature
And collapse
This can be fatal
75
What is another name for heat stroke
Sun stroke
76
In heat stroke all _________ ceases. The patient will have skin and body temperatures above _______.
Sweating
| 105
77
Coma or near coma with diminished cerebral functions exist with what kind of patient
Heat stroke
78
In the early stages of a heat stroke patient the pulse will be _____and ____ and may progress toward _____and ______.
Rapid and full
Rapid and weak
If this progression continues the patient may die
79
What is the treatment for a heat stroke patient
Wet sheets or compresses
Intravenous infusion.
Emergency care and oxygen is the highest priority.
80
State of unconsciousness caused by disease, injury, poison, or drugs
Coma
81
The rule in regard to splinting is
When in doubt, SPLINT
82
The outer layer of skin is called the
Epidermis
83
The inner layer of skin is called
Dermis
84
What is the treatment for sunburn?
Applying cool water.
85
What is the treatment for a patient with an electrical burn?
1st make sure the power is off
Cover wounds with serial material
Give o2
IV
86
A gland located behind the stomach which produces insulin
Pancreas
87
A disorder characterized by inadequate secretion of insulin.
Diabetes mellitus
88
A protein hormone secreted into the blood. It is used in the treatments an control of diabetes mellitus.
Insulin
89
Shock produce when an excessive amount of insulin is administered.
Insulin shock
90
All body cells require a certain amount of ______ to function properly.
Sugar
91
What are the 6 signs and symptoms of a diabetic coma.
```
Air hunger
Dehydration
A sweet or fruity odor
Rapid weak pulse
Slightly low blood pressure
Various degrees of unresponsive ness leading to unconsciousness
```
92
When does insulin shock occur
To much insulin given
Patient has not eaten enough food
Or patient exercised excessively
93
What are the 6 signs/symptoms of insulin shock?
```
Normal respiration
Pale, moist skin
Dizziness and headache
Full, rapid pulse
Normal blood pressure
Unconsciousness
```
94
What is the rescuers first concern a drug over dose patient.
Maintain adequate respirations
95
The air sacs of the lungs that are one of the components that facilitate oxygenation of the blood
Alveoli
96
What is the range for average breaths
12 to 20
97
What are the 3 sign of smoke inhalation
Frothy discharge from mouth or nose
Labored breathing
Coughing
98
Most people who die from fire do so as a result of______ and ______
Inhaling smoke
| Hot gases
99
Where should you look for children in a fire
In and under beds
| Closets
100
The diver in the water who performs the search while holding on Tao the search line
Primary search diver
101
A diver who is fully dressed and ready to enter the water who is stationed on the shore ready to replace the primary search diver or to come to their rescue
Back up or safety diver
102
The shore based person who is responsible for holding the search line and directing the movements of the primary search diver.the ______ is not only responsible for conducting the search pattern, but is also responsible for the divers safety. the _______ must record the divers air pressure and keep track of how long the diver is under water
Line tender
103
Before a water rescue search operation can begin, a thorough evaluation of potential hazards must be preformed. The search should include but not not limited to these 5 things
```
Current
Depth
Underwater and surface hazards
Visibility
Possible hazardous contaminates
```
104
What are the 2 common search patterns in a water rescue
The sweep
| The parallel
105
The _____ is in charge of the water search
Rope tender
106
Rope singles tender to diver
1 tug
2 tugs
3 tugs
Are u ok
Stop, change direction, and take out line
Stop and surface
107
```
Rope signals diver to tender
One tug
Two tugs
Three tugs
Four tugs
```
Answer yes I am ok
Need more line
Found the target
Diver needs help
